The provided text explores the foundations and applications of programmable biology, detailing how engineering principles are applied to living systems to address the climate crisis. It begins by explaining the shift from traditional genetic modification to synthetic biology, highlighting core tenets like standardization, genetic circuits, and the design-build-test-learn cycle. The text then examines the toolkit of synthetic biology, with a focus on CRISPR technology and its advancements for precise genome editing and control. Furthermore, the source discusses various applications of this field, including climate mitigation strategies such as enhancing photosynthesis and engineering carbon sinks in plants and microbes, as well as climate adaptation efforts like developing stress-tolerant crops and restoring ecosystems. Finally, the text addresses the broader context of programmable biology, examining its economic landscape, key corporate actors, and the critical governance, ethical, and societal considerations necessary for its responsible implementation.

Research done with the help of artificial intelligence, and presented by two AI-generated hosts.