#Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder that affects the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others.

• People with schizophrenia often have problems doing well in society, at work, at school, and in relationships.

• It usually affects men in their late teens or early 20s and mostly affects women in their early 20s and 30s.

• Positive symptoms found are #Delusions- These are false, mixed, and sometimes strange beliefs that aren’t based in reality and that the person refuses to give up, even when shown the facts, #Hallucinations-These involve sensations that aren't real. Hearing voices is the most common hallucination in people with schizophrenia. Less common types include seeing things that aren't there, smelling strange odours, having a funny taste in your mouth, and feeling sensations on your skin even though nothing is touching your body,

Disorganised Thoughts- Talking in sentences that don’t make sense or using nonsense words, making it difficult for the person to communicate or hold a conversation, Shifting quickly from one thought to the next without obvious or logical connections between them, Moving slowly, Being unable to make decisions, Writing excessively but without meaning, Forgetting or losing things, Repeating movements or gestures, like pacing or walking in circles

• Negative symptoms include Lack of emotion or a limited range of emotions. Withdrawal from family, friends, and social activities, Less energy, Speaking less, Lack of motivation, Loss of pleasure or interest in life ,poor hygiene and grooming habits.

• Cause include Genetics (heredity), Brain chemicals, Brain abnormality and Environment

• Treatment through medication

#PersonalityDisorders

•  A Personality Disorder is a mental health condition that involves long-lasting, all-encompassing, disruptive patterns of thinking, behavior, mood and relating to others. These patterns cause a person significant distress and/or impair their ability to function.

• Personality disorders may cause distorted perceptions of reality, abnormal behaviors and distress across various aspects of life, including work, relationships and social functioning. Individuals with a personality disorder may not recognize their troubling behaviors or the negative effect they have on others.

• Cluster A personality disorders involve unusual and eccentric thinking or behaviors. These include: Paranoid personality disorder,

Schizoid personality disorder, Schizotypal personality disorder

• Cluster B personality disorders involve dramatic and erratic behaviors. People with these types of conditions display intense, unstable #emotions and impulsive behaviors. These include: #Antisocialpersonalitydisorder (ASPD), Borderline personality disorder (BPD), Histrionic personality disorder, Narcissistic personality disorder

• Cluster C personality disorders involve severe anxiety and fear. They include: Avoidant personality disorder, Dependent personality disorder, Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)

• Most personality disorders begin in the teen years when your personality further develops and matures. As a result, almost all people diagnosed with personality disorders are above the age of 18. One exception to this is antisocial personality disorder — approximately 80% of people with this disorder will have started to show symptoms by the age of 11.

• Treatment through medication and therapy

#InternetAddiction

• Prevalent more in teenagers and young adults

• Symptoms include - Feelings of guilt, weakened immune system due to lack of sleep, loss of exercise, and increased risk for carpal tunnel syndrome and eye and back strain

• Individuals have difficulty stay away from technology and experience anxiety, dishonesty, euphoric feelings when in front of the computer, unable to keep schedules, procrastination, isolation, defensiveness, anger, agitation and even depression

• Individuals are commonly addicted to online gaming, online gambling, problematic internet pornography, virtual reality addiction, video streaming addiction and problematic social media usage.

• Often treated with medication and therapy

Do's and Don'ts of Psychiatric medicines

• #Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in treating individuals with all mental health related disorders who can write psychiatry medicine.

• A treatment plan is made after taking a thorough case history and taking into account earlier treatment and diagnosis is made. Medicines are prescribed and followed up closely.

• With medication, therapy is often included and undertaken by a #Psychologist

• Individuals should only take medicines prescribed by their Psychiatrist after an evaluation, follow up when called, report any changes or issues, patient should not handle medicines alone, proper diet, sleep and exercise ,avoid alcohol and smoking, should not start or stop medicines on their own.

#BipolarII

• Bipolar II is similar to bipolar I disorder, with moods cycling between high and low over time. The less-intense elevated moods in bipolar II disorder is called #hypomania.

• Symptoms during hypomanic episodes include flying suddenly from one idea to the next, having exaggerated self confidence, rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptible) and loud speech, increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep

• Individuals in depressive episodes experience depressed/low mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of #suicide.

• Individuals with bipolar II disorder experience more time with depressive than hypomanic symptoms. #Depression can occur soon after hypomania subsides, or much later. Some individuals cycle back and forth between hypomania and depression, while others have long periods of normal mood in between episodes.

Untreated, an episode of hypomania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.

• Causes may include family history, chemical imbalance in the brain, alcohol or recreational drugs, a significant change in your life, trauma or abuse,  lack of sleep or changes in sleep pattern and as a side effect of mental health problems including seasonal affective disorder, postpartum psychosis, schizoaffective disorder or other physical or neurologic condition

• Treatment through medication and therapy.

#BipolarDepression

• A person with bipolar disorder will experience changes in mood, energy, and activity levels that can make day-to-day living difficult.

• During an episode of bipolar depression, a person may experience a feeling of gloom, despair, hopelessness, extreme sadness, insomnia or sleeping problems, #anxiety about minor issues, pain or physical problems that do not respond to treatment, a sense of guilt, eating more or eating less, weight loss or weight gain, extreme tiredness, fatigue, an inability to enjoy activities or interests that usually give pleasure ,difficulty focusing or remembering, irritability

sensitivity to noises, smells, and other things that others may not notice and inability to face going to work, possibly leading to underperformance

• Causes can be due to Genetic factors- Bipolar disorder is more common in those who have a family member with the condition,

Biological traits-Research suggests that imbalances in neurotransmitters or hormones that affect the brain may play a role and

Environmental factors-Life events, such as abuse, mental stress, a “significant loss,” or another traumatic event, may trigger an initial episode in a susceptible individual.

• Treatment through medication and therapy

Bipolar Mania

• Individual experiences elevated mood can manifest itself as either euphoria (feeling "high") or as irritability.

• Symptoms seen include flying suddenly from one idea to the next, rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptible), and loud speech, increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep, inflated self-image, excessive spending, hypersexuality ,substance abuse, become delusional and behave bizarrely.

• It can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.

• Causes may include family history, chemical imbalance in the brain, alcohol or recreational drugs, a significant change in your life, trauma or abuse, lack of sleep or changes in sleep pattern

• Treatment through medication only

#Acidity and #Anxiety

• #Acidreflux may cause stress and anxiety and stress and anxiety levels also contribute to acid reflux. #Anxiety might make acid reflux symptoms worse.

• High anxiety levels may increase stomach acid production. People with anxiety have severe acid reflux episodes.

• Anxiety symptoms vary from person to person include rapid heart rate, nervousness or restlessness, twitching muscles, feeling very tense both physically and mentally, rapid breathing or hyperventilating, a feeling of dread or constant impending doom, difficulty focusing, other digestive issues, such as gas, diarrhoea, or constipation & inability to sleep

• Other factors that can lead to acid reflux include eating meals just before bed, eating large or fatty meals, including spicy foods in meals, obesity, alcohol and smoking

• Treatment through medication and therapy

#SleepProblems

• Sleep problems involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning.

• Most common causes include #poorsleephygiene, sleep-related breathing disorders, medical conditions, disrupted sleep-wake schedule and hormonal changes.

• Lack of sleep leads to inability to concentrate, feeling tired or irritable, headaches, tense muscles, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Quality of life gets effected.

• Due to sleep problems individuals are more likely to feel anxious, depressed or #suicidal, more likely to have psychotic episodes – poor sleep can trigger #mania, #psychosis or paranoia, or make existing symptoms worse, feel lonely or isolated, struggle to concentrate, or make plans and decisions.

• Treatment through medications and therapy

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