In this video lecture, we discuss the imaging appearance of adrenal cysts and myelolipomas, as well as differential diagnostic considerations.

Key points include:

• Adrenal cysts typically have density of simple fluid ranging from 20 to -10 Hounsfield units (HU).
• Adrenal pseudocysts may be symptomatic, may have a complicated appearance and may have peripheral calcification.
• The “claw” sign can be helpful in differentiating adrenal from renal masses.
• Gastric diverticula can mimic adrenal cysts but can be differentiated by identifying communication of gastric diverticulum with adjacent stomach, as well as the presence of oral contrast and/or gas with the diverticulum.
• Adrenal myelolipomas are benign neoplasms that have varying degrees of macroscopic fat and hematopoietic soft tissue elements.
• Fat density within myelolipomas on CT ranges from -30 to -90 HU.
• Up to 30% of myelolipomas contain small calcifications.
• Unlike myelolipomas, malignant retroperitoneal sarcomas are usually ill-defined and displace or invade adjacent structures.
• Because myelolipomas contain macroscopic fat, they show greater signal loss (darkening) on fat-saturated images compared to T1 opposed-phase chemical shift images.
• Conversely, lipid-rich adrenal adenomas contain microscopic fat (also known as intracellular, intracytoplasmic, or intravoxel fat) and therefore show greater signal loss on T1 opposed-phase images than on fat-saturated images.

The post Adrenal Cysts and Myelolipomas appeared first on Radquarters.

In this video lecture, we discuss the imaging appearance of adrenal hemorrhage on CT, MRI and ultrasound. Causes of adrenal hemorrhage will also be reviewed. 

Key points include:

• On CT scan, adrenal hemorrhage typically appears as a nonenhancing round or oval hyperdense mass with density of 50-90 HU. 
• MRI is the most sensitive and specific modality for diagnosing adrenal hemorrhage. 
• The “high signal intensity rim” rim sign seen on T1-weighted images is characteristic of subacute adrenal hemorrhage. 
• Adrenal hemorrhage may appear solid or cystic on ultrasound depending on the age of hemorrhage.
• Adrenal hemorrhage is more common in neonates than in children and adults and is the most common adrenal mass in infancy.
• Trauma is the most common cause and is usually unilateral and right-sided. 
• Atraumatic adrenal hemorrhage is usually unilateral.

The post Adrenal Hemorrhage appeared first on Radquarters.

In this video lecture, we discuss the imaging appearance of lipid-rich and lipid-poor adrenal adenomas, explain the CT washout calculation, and review the choice of CT vs. MRI for the evaluation of adrenal nodules. Also, we compare the 2017 ACR (American College of Radiologists) Incidental Findings Committee recommendations to the AACE/AAES (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons) medical guidelines in the evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas.

Key points include:

The post Imaging of Adrenal Adenomas & Incidentalomas appeared first on Radquarters.

In this video lecture, we discuss the ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) appearance of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Topics include:

References:

The post Imaging of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Part I appeared first on Radquarters.