Shoulder Anatomy, Instability, and Impingement. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-01.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 Range of Motion Numbers and the Thumb-Down Block

6:06 Glenohumeral Architecture, the Labrum, and the Two Kinds of Stabilizer

9:16 The Z-Pattern Glenohumeral Ligaments

12:26 Shoulder Innervation by Direction of Motion

17:11 The Acromioclavicular Joint and the Rockwood Classification

20:11 Treating Acromioclavicular Injuries, and Distal Clavicle Osteolysis

22:36 Glenohumeral Instability - Tubs Versus Ambri

26:41 Anterior Instability - the Bankart and Hill-Sachs Lesions

28:36 Posterior and Multidirectional Instability, and the Beighton Score

30:46 The Axillary Nerve and the Instability Exam

33:16 Imaging for Instability, and the Slap Tear

36:26 Impingement Syndrome - the Space Problem and the Neer Stages

38:26 The Critical Zone and the Bigliani Acromion

40:26 The Impingement Exam

42:41 Putting It Together

45:06 Five Things to Know Cold

Rotator Cuff, Adhesive Capsulitis, and Biceps. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-02.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 Rotator Cuff Tears and the Critical Zone of Hypovascularity

15:31 Rotator Cuff Imaging

22:46 Rotator Cuff Treatment and Calcific Tendinitis

30:36 Adhesive Capsulitis: Definition, Motion Pattern, and Stages

35:16 Adhesive Capsulitis: Associations, Imaging, and Treatment

44:01 Biceps Pathology - Tendinitis, Rupture, and Special Tests

52:31 Shoulder Osteoarthritis and Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

59:01 Shoulder Arthrodesis: Indications and Fusion Position

1:03:06 Five Things to Know Cold

Shoulder Fractures, Winging, and Nerve Entrapment. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-03.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 Deltoid Anatomy

6:26 Medial Scapular Winging

10:06 Lateral Scapular Winging

14:16 Grading the Nerve Injury: Seddon's Three Grades

17:26 Clavicle Fractures

22:26 Scapular Fractures

26:41 The Neer Four-Part Classification

32:41 Surgical Neck, Anatomic Neck, and the Axillary Nerve

36:11 Rehabilitation After Proximal Humerus Fracture and Throwing Stress Fractures

39:56 Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment

44:06 The Axillary Nerve and the Quadrilateral Space

46:01 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: The Three Types

49:16 The Provocative Tests for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

52:31 Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

54:36 Five Things to Know Cold

Elbow Anatomy, Epicondylitis, and Throwing Injuries. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-04.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 The Three-Joint Capsule, Range of Motion, and the Carrying Angle

11:06 Epicondyle Origins and the Medial-Lateral Dichotomy

16:51 Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis

27:26 Throwing Biomechanics and UCL Injury

33:16 Valgus Extension Overload and the Posterior Compartment

37:26 Olecranon Bursitis and Elbow Dislocation

43:56 Distal Biceps Rupture, Lateral Instability, and Arthrodesis

51:01 Five Things to Know Cold

Elbow Nerve Entrapments and Adult Fractures. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-05-a.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 The Four Median Nerve Choke Points at the Elbow

6:21 Pronator Syndrome and the Two Discriminators from Carpal Tunnel

10:01 Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy

12:51 Workup and Management of Median Entrapment at the Elbow

14:46 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome, the Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow

17:16 Froment and Wartenberg

19:31 Provocative Testing and Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

22:56 The C-Eight Board Trap and the Dorsal Cutaneous Branch

24:41 Humeral Shaft Fracture and the Radial Nerve at the Spiral Groove

26:36 Radial Nerve Palsy, What You Do, and Why Electrodiagnostics Wait

30:16 Posterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy and Radial Tunnel Syndrome

32:01 Radial Head Fractures and the Mason Classification

45:46 Five Things to Know Cold

Wrist, Carpal Bones, Carpal Tunnel, and DeQuervain. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-06.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 Carpal Bone Architecture and Wrist Range of Motion

4:51 Scaphoid Fractures

6:46 The Lunate, Kienbock Disease, and the Hook of Hamate

9:01 Extensor Compartments and Flexor Tendon Zones

11:21 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Tunnel Anatomy and the Palmar Cutaneous Branch

14:11 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Electrodiagnosis, Ultrasound, Treatment, and the Kanavel Signs

20:16 Five Things to Know Cold

Hand: Flexor Pulleys, Trigger Finger, Dupuytren, and the Fingertip Deformity Quartet. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-07-a.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 The Flexor Pulley System

7:41 The Camper Chiasm and the FDS Test

10:41 Trigger Finger

14:06 Dupuytren Contracture

19:26 Fingertip Deformity Quartet: Mallet Finger First

23:46 Boutonnière and Swan Neck

28:11 Jersey Finger and the Leddy and Packer Classification

32:56 Five Things to Know Cold

Hand: Thumb UCL Injury, Intrinsic Muscles, and Deformity by Nerve Injury. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-07-b.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 Gamekeeper Thumb and Skier Thumb: Mechanism and Stress Testing

7:51 The Stener Lesion

9:51 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

13:01 Hand Deformities by Nerve Injury and Special Signs

17:46 Median Nerve Injury Patterns

20:11 Radial Nerve Injury Patterns

24:16 Nerve Injury Grading and Recovery

29:21 Flexor Tenosynovitis and Hand Infections

32:51 Five Things to Know Cold

Hip Anatomy, Muscles, and Special Tests. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-08.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 Why the Hip Almost Never Dislocates

4:31 The Five Joints of the Pelvic Girdle

7:11 The Acetabular Labrum and Ligamentum Teres

9:31 Normal Hip Range of Motion

13:31 The Flexors, and the Tensor Fasciae Latae Trap

15:21 Extension: Gluteus Maximus and the Hamstrings

19:51 The Trendelenburg Sign

21:56 The Thomas Test

23:26 FABER and FADIR

25:56 Ober, Stinchfield, and Log Roll

29:06 Femoroacetabular Impingement: Cam, Pincer, and Mixed

32:31 Athletic Pubalgia and Adductor Strain

34:36 Snapping Hip

36:26 Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

40:26 Meralgia Paresthetica and Its Electrodiagnosis

42:01 Five Things to Know Cold

Hip Fractures, Arthroplasty, and Pediatric Hip. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-09.

Chapters:

0:00 Intro

0:31 Why a Geriatric Hip Fracture Is a Systemic Emergency

6:11 Intracapsular Versus Extracapsular - the Blood Supply Question

10:16 The Garden Classification - Four Grades, Two Decisions

14:31 Hemiarthroplasty Versus Total Hip Arthroplasty

17:51 Intertrochanteric Fractures - Extracapsular and Bloody

32:46 Periprosthetic Infection

36:01 Aseptic Loosening - the Commonest Long-Term Failure

37:41 Femoral Shaft Fractures and Fat Embolism Syndrome

41:46 Thigh Compartment Syndrome

46:16 Nontraumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

48:46 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

52:41 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis - the Slip and the Patient

55:31 S-C-F-E Imaging and In-Situ Fixation

1:00:16 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

1:02:11 D-D-H Imaging and the Pavlik Harness

1:05:01 Transient Synovitis and the Kocher Criteria

1:08:01 Heterotopic Ossification at the Hip

1:10:31 Heterotopic Ossification Prophylaxis and Excision

1:12:41 Hamstring Injuries

1:16:21 Apophyseal Avulsion Fractures in Detail

1:20:11 The Lesser Trochanter Avulsion in an Adult

1:21:46 Five Things to Know Cold