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Yayyyy you finish Section 1!!!!!!

To use a です [desu] negative sentence, use janai desu.
じゃないです [janai desu].

To say something belongs to someone else, use の [no] after their name.
けんさんのきっぷですか.
[Ken-san no kippu desu ka]
Is it Ken's ticket?

• くうこう = airport
• ちかてつ = subway

• きっぷ = ticket
• ちず = map

• パスポート = passport
• の = of, 's
• スマホ = smartphone

• かばん = bag
• 田中 = Tanaka (たなか)
• 山口 = Yamaguchi (やまぐち)
• 中山= Nakyama (なかやま)

すみません, ちかてつどこですか.
Excuse me, where's the subway?
ちかてつはそこです.
The subway is there.

これはわたしのパスポートじゃないです.
This isn't my passport.

それは中山さんのスマホです.
That is Ms. Nakayama's smartphone.

Finally:

On unit 10 we have the Japanese kosoado words are special words that help to point out or refer to things, and they change based on distance and direction. There are four main categories: ko, so, a, and do. Each of these is used for different situations.

Here’s a simple explanation with examples:

1. Ko (これ, これの) – Refers to something close to you (the speaker).

   • Example: これ (kore) – "This" (referring to something near you).

     • これをください ("Kore o kudasai") – "Please give me this."

2. So (それ, それの) – Refers to something close to the person you’re talking to (the listener).

   • Example: それ (sore) – "That" (referring to something near the person you’re talking to).

     • それはすごいですね ("Sore wa sugoi desu ne") – "That is amazing."

3. A (あれ, あれの) – Refers to something far from both you and the listener.

   • Example: あれ (are) – "That over there" (referring to something far from both you and the listener).

     • あれは何ですか ("Are wa nan desu ka") – "What is that over there?"

4. Do (どれ, どの) – Refers to asking which of something.

   • Example: どれ (dore) – "Which one?"

     • どれがいいですか? ("Dore ga ii desu ka?") – "Which one is good?"

• Ko = This (close to you)

• So = That (close to the listener)

• A = That over there (far from both)

• Do = Which? (to ask which one)

I hope this makes it clearer!

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• いち = one
• に = two
• じ = o'clock

• 一 = one (いち)
• 二 = two (に)
• 三 = three (さん)
• いま = now

• なんじ = what time
• ごろ = about (that time)
• はん = thirty
• すみません = excuse me

一じ です. It's one o'clock.

いま二じ です. It's two o'clock now.

すみません, いまなんじですか. Excuse me, what time is it now?
三じごろです. It's about three o'clock now.

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• あかるい = cheerful
• その = that
• かわいい = cute
• おもしろい = funny
• やまぐち = Yamaguchi
• たなか = Tanaka
• なかやま = Nakayama

たなかさんはあかるいひとです.
Mr. Tanaka is a cheerful person.

なかやまさんはかっこいいです.
Ms. Nakayama is cool.

やまぐちなおみさんはおもしろいです.
Naomi Yamaguchi is funny.

なかやま はなさんはやさしいですか.
Is Hana Nakayama nice?

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Some Vocabulary words from previous Duolingo Style:

• コート (koo-to) = coat
• シャツ (sha-tsu) = shirt
• 赤い (aka-i) = red (あかい)
• 白い (shiro-i) = white (しろい)

• 着る (ki-ru) = (1) to wear (from the shoulders down); to put on (v1, vt) (きる)
• 着ます (ki-ma-su) = wear/wears (for the whole or upper body) (きます)
• 着ました (ki-ma-shi-ta) = wore (for the whole or upper body) (きました)
• 青い (ao-i) = blue (あおい)
• 黄色い (ki-iro-i) = yellow (きいろい)
• セーター (see-taa) = sweater/sweaters

• 履く (ha-ku) = (1) to put on/to wear (lower-body clothing); to wear (v5k, vt) (はく)
• 履きます (ha-ki-ma-su) = wear/wears (for lower body) (はきます)
• 履きました (ha-ki-ma-shi-ta) = wore/put on (for lower body) (はきました)
• オレンジ色 (o-re-n-ji-iro) = orange (オレンジいろ)
• パンツ (pa-n-tsu) = underwear
• スカート (su-kaa-to) = skirt
• 靴 (ku-tsu) = shoes (くつ) - [pronounced (k-tsu) with a silent u on the first syllable]
• ズボン (zu-bo-n) = pants/trousers

• 服 (fu-ku) = clothes/clothing (ふく)
• 黒い (kuro-i) = black (くろい)
• 茶色 (cha-iro) = brown (ちゃいろ)
• ピンク色 (pi-n-ku-iro) = pink (ピンクいろ)
• 洗う (ara-u) = (1) to wash; to cleanse; to rinse (v5u, vt) (あらう)
• 洗います (ara-i-ma-su) = wash/will wash (あらいます)
• 洗いました (ara-i-ma-shi-ta) = washed (あらいました)
• 洗いません (ara-i-ma-sen) = do/does not wash (あらいません)

• 被る (kabu-ru) = (1) to put on (one's head); to wear; (...) (v5r, vt) (かぶる)
• 被り (kabu-ri) = I wear/I will wear (for the head) (かぶり)
• 帽子 (bou-shi) = hat/hats (ぼうし)
• 欲しい (ho-shi-i) = I want (ほしい)
• 欲しくない (ho-shi-ku-nai) = I do not want (ほしくない)
• 脱ぐ (nu-gu) = to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress (v5g, vt) (ぬぐ)
• 脱ぎます (nu-gi-ma-su) = I will take off/remove (ぬぎます)
• 脱ぎました (nu-gi-ma-shi-ta) = I took off/removed (ぬぎました)

• 冬 (fu-yu) = winter (ふゆ)
• 春 (ha-ru) = spring (はる)
• 夏 (na-tsu) = summer (なつ)
• 秋 (a-ki) = autumn/fall (あき)

• ゆるい (yu-ru-i) = loose
• ゆるくない (yu-ru-ku-na-i) = not loose
• 新しくない (a-ta-ra-shi-ku-na-i) = not new (あたらしくない)
• 高くない (ta-ka-ku-na-i) = not expensive (たかくない)
• 安くない (ya-su-ku-na-i) = not cheap (やすくない )
• 長くない (na-ga-ku-na-i) = not long (ながくない)
• 古くない (fu-ru-ku-na-i) = not old (ふるくない)

Ok

eNjoy

Lesson 1