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Episode 61 Otitis Media

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Innovation by Alex Grohl

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Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 60 Mononucleosis 

Question 1 — Diagnostic strategy early in illness

A 19‑year‑old college student presents on day 3 of fever, severe sore throat, fatigue, and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. A rapid heterophile (Monospot) test obtained today is negative. Her CBC shows 52% lymphocytes with 12% atypical lymphocytes. She does not take regular medications. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

C. Order Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM/IgG serology

Question 2 — Therapeutics and special situations

A 17‑year‑old with confirmed infectious mononucleosis has progressive tonsillar hypertrophy, drooling, and muffled voice but maintains oxygen saturation at 97% on room air. Which of the following is the best next step?

A. Administer a short course of systemic corticosteroids

Question 3 — Return‑to‑play and splenic complications

A 20‑year‑old linebacker is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis after 5 days of symptoms. He is afebrile today and wants to play in next week’s game. Which statement is most accurate for counseling?

C. Most splenic ruptures occur within the first 21 days of symptom onset, and ~90% occur by day 31; therefore, no athletic activity should occur for the first 3 weeks

Paper for Next Week:

Caldwell, Jane M., Nathan A. Ledeboer, and Bobby L. Boyanton Jr. 2024. “Review: Known, Emerging, and Remerging Pharyngitis Pathogens.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 230, Supplement 3: S173–S181.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 59.2 Protecting Medical Part II

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Intro/Outro: Night Detective by Amaksi

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Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Papers referenced:

Erickson, Jon V. “Operating in a Multidomain Environment: Combat Support Training Exercise 86‑24‑02.” Military Review (January–February 2025): 96–102.

Crowley, Julie, and John S. G. Wells. “Assaulting Medical Neutrality: Reflections on Attacks on Healthcare and Clinicians in the Two World Wars and Implications for Contemporary Conflicts.” Nursing Inquiry 32 (2025): e70052. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.70052.

If you are interested in this topic I have assembled quite a resource set, please contact me at [email protected] and I can provide you with them.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Cloud Atlas by Alex Grohl

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Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 58 Abcesses

Question 1 – Diagnosis of Early Lyme Disease

A 42‑year‑old woman from Pennsylvania presents with 5 days of fever, fatigue, headaches, and diffuse myalgias. She denies noticing a tick bite. Physical examination reveals no rash. Initial two‑tier Lyme serology (ELISA + Western blot) is negative. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of this test result?

C. Serologic testing is often insensitive in early Lyme disease, and a negative early test does not exclude infection

Question 2 – Persistent Symptoms After Treatment

A 33‑year‑old man was treated for early Lyme disease 9 months ago with a standard course of doxycycline. He now reports debilitating fatigue, impaired concentration, unrefreshing sleep, and intermittent musculoskeletal pain that have persisted for 6 months and interfere with daily life. Which of the following features best supports the diagnosis of Post‑Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLD)?

B. Prolonged symptoms affecting functional ability ≥6 months after standard treatment

Question 3 – Antibiotic‑Refractory Lyme Arthritis

A 55‑year‑old woman presents with persistent right‑knee swelling 3 months after completing two courses of oral doxycycline for Lyme arthritis. Synovial fluid analysis shows an inflammatory profile but no bacterial growth. Which mechanism best explains her persistent joint inflammation?

C. Persistence of Borrelia peptidoglycan antigenic debris that promotes ongoing inflammation

Paper for Next Week:

El Feghaly, R. E., Nedved, A., Katz, S. E., & Frost, H. M. (2023). New insights into the treatment of acute otitis media. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 21(5), 523–534. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

 Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 59.1  Intro to Protecting Providers Part 1

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Intro/Outro: Night Detective by Amaksi 

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Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

References 

Full episode references available upon request just email me at [email protected] 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 59 Lyme Disease

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Touch by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 58 Abcesses

A 26‑year‑old woman reports recurrent painful deep nodules in both axillae that have persisted for 4 months despite topical care. Which feature from the Lancet review most directly supports a clinical diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa in this patient?

C. Persistence of one or more active lesions for at least 3 months.

According to the review, which comorbidity is most commonly associated with hidradenitis suppurativa and is reported in up to half of affected patients, warranting routine screening?

C. Metabolic syndrome

Which of the following systemic therapies approved for moderate‑to‑severe hidradenitis suppurativa acts primarily by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?

D. Adalimumab

Paper for Next Week:

Sylvester, J. E., Buchanan, B. K., & Silva, T. W. (2023). Infectious mononucleosis: Rapid evidence review. American Family Physician, 107(1), 71–78. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Sidewinder by Alex Grohl

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 Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 57 Cellulitis

Question 1 A 68-year-old man is evaluated for recurrent lower extremity cellulitis. In counseling him about prognosis, you reference a 24-year CDC analysis of cellulitis-related mortality in U.S. adults aged ≥65 years from 1999 to 2023. According to this study, which of the following best describes the trend in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR per 1,000,000 population) over the study period?

C) Overall increase with a steep rise from 2019 to 2023

Question 2 During a public health lecture, you discuss disparities in cellulitis-related mortality among older U.S. adults (≥65 years) based on a recent 24-year CDC WONDER analysis. Which demographic group had the highest age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR per 1,000,000 population) in this study?

C) Non-Hispanic White individuals

Question 3 A 72-year-old patient from a rural Midwest community presents with cellulitis. You consider population-level risk factors from a 24-year CDC analysis of cellulitis mortality in older adults. In which of the following settings was cellulitis-related age-adjusted mortality highest?

D) Nonmetropolitan (rural) areas

Paper for Next Week:

Bobe, Jason R., Brandon L. Jutras, Elizabeth J. Horn, Monica E. Embers, Allison Bailey, Robert L. Moritz, Ying Zhang, Mark J. Soloski, Richard S. Ostfeld, Richard T. Marconi, John Aucott, Avi Ma’ayan, Felicia Keesing, Kim Lewis, Choukri Ben Mamoun, Alison W. Rebman, Mecaila E. McClune, Edward B. Breitschwerdt, Panga Jaipal Reddy, Ricardo Maggi, Frank Yang, Bennett Nemser, Aydogan Ozcan, Omai Garner, Dino Di Carlo, Zachary Ballard, Hyou‑Arm Joung, Albert Garcia‑Romeu, Roland R. Griffiths, Nicole Baumgarth, and Brian A. Fallon.
“Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges.” Frontiers in Medicine 8 (2021): Article 666554. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 57 Cellulitis

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Dark Countdown my Head in the Clouds by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

 Answers for Episode 56 Herpes Simplex

Question 1

A 58-year-old man who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation 3 months ago presents with painful vesicular lesions on the vermilion border of the lower lip that have persisted despite 10 days of high-dose intravenous acyclovir (10 mg/kg every 8 hours) with documented adherence and adequate renal dosing. Viral culture confirms HSV-1. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

C) Obtain genotypic or phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and consider transition to foscarnet or cidofovir pending results 

Question 2

A 45-year-old woman with a history of solid organ transplantation is hospitalized for recurrent genital HSV-2 lesions unresponsive to 14 days of appropriately dosed intravenous acyclovir. Phenotypic susceptibility testing shows an EC₅₀ within the susceptible range, yet lesions continue to worsen. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this clinical-phenotypic discordance?

A)   Presence of an undetected minority drug-resistant variant within the viral quasispecies 

Question 3

In the management of suspected acyclovir-resistant HSV infection in an immunocompromised patient, which of the following statements regarding alternative antiviral agents is most accurate according to current evidence?

A) Pritelivir and amenamevir are generally well tolerated with fewer adverse effects than foscarnet or cidofovir and do not require thymidine kinase activation 

Paper for Next Week:

Sabat, R., Alavi, A., Wolk, K., Wortsman, X., McGrath, B., Garg, A., & Szepietowski, J. C. (2025). Hidradenitis suppurativa. Lancet, 405, 420–438. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 56 Herpes Simplex

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Traces in Time by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 55 HIV AIDS

Question 1 — Policy shock and key populations

A public health team in a sub‑Saharan African country reports that PrEP coverage among key populations exceeds 10%. During a funding review, several policy changes are proposed. Which change is most likely to produce the largest immediate rise in new HIV infections among key populations? 

B. The government suspends PEPFAR‑funded PrEP services specifically for key populations, including female sex workers, MSM, transgender women, and people who inject drugs.

Question 2 — Prevention paradox and PrEP efficiency

A regional primary‑care consortium is planning PrEP scale‑up. Epidemiologic data show incidence is approximately 3 per 100 person‑years in the target cohort. Approximately how many individuals must receive PrEP to prevent one new HIV infection under these conditions? 

B. Thirty‑three people must receive PrEP to prevent one infection.

Question 3 — Integration, equity, and clinical outcomes

A community clinic serving diverse patients with HIV is reevaluating its care model. Among its patients are transgender women on ART with variable adherence. Which programmatic change is most likely to improve viral suppression rates in this group according to evidence cited in the editorial?

C. Integrate HIV care with gender‑affirming care, including provision of exogenous estrogen therapy as clinically appropriate.

Paper for Next Week:

Faheem, M. S. B., Munir, S. U., Javed, M., Hassan, S. T., Masood, M. B., Maryam, K. U. E., Cheema, S., Samadi, S., & Khan, M. I., Mortality trends for cellulitis-related death in older adults in the United States: 24-year CDC analysis of gender, race, and geographical disparities. Annals of Medicine & Surgery, (2025).  87, 8471–8477. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 55 HIV/AIDS

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Leap in the Dark by Alex Grohl

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Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 54 STI

Question 1: Gonorrhea treatment and AMR

A 22-year-old man presents with dysuria and purulent urethral discharge after unprotected sex. NAAT for Neisseria gonorrhoeae is positive and Chlamydia trachomatis NAAT is negative. He has no drug allergies and no signs of disseminated infection. According to current evidence in the review, which is the preferred first-line regimen for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea?

A. Ceftriaxone monotherapy

Question 2: Syphilis diagnostic algorithm

A 28-year-old pregnant patient at her first prenatal visit has risk factors for sexually transmitted infections but no symptoms. You plan screening for syphilis. Which testing strategy best aligns with the diagnostic approach in the review?

A. Screen with a nontreponemal test (VDRL or RPR) and confirm positives with a treponemal test (TPPA or FTA‑ABS)

Question 3: Persistent NGU and Mycoplasma genitalium

A 30-year-old man is treated for presumed non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) with azithromycin and returns 2 weeks later with persistent dysuria and urethral discharge. Repeat NAATs for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae are negative. Which next step is most consistent with the review’s recommendations?

C. Order NAAT for Mycoplasma genitalium with resistance testing and treat with a resistance‑guided or two‑step regimen

Paper for Next Week: 

Dähne T, Jaki L, Gosert R, Fuchs J, Krumbholz A, Nägele K, Pletz MW, Khanna N, Leuzinger K, Panning M. Herpes simplex virus and drug resistance—comprehensive update on resistance mutations and implications for clinical management: a narrative review. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2025 Sep;31(9):1484-1490

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 54 STI

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Claim We Are Able by Alex Grohl

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Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Not So Quiet on the Western Front- VD

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Answers for Episode 53 UTI

Question 1 — Pathophysiology of CAUTI in a Post‑operative Patient

A 68‑year‑old man undergoes hip arthroplasty. He receives tranexamic acid perioperatively to limit bleeding and has a Foley catheter in place for 48 hours. On day 3 he develops fever (38.4 °C), suprapubic discomfort, and leukocyturia. Urine culture is negative, but catheter tip culture later shows E. faecalis, UPEC, and Candida albicans in a mixed biofilm. Which mechanism best explains his severe catheter‑associated UTI (CAUTI) presentation and the negative urine culture?

C. Antifibrinolytic therapy causes fibrin accumulation that scaffolds fibrin(ogen)‑dependent polymicrobial biofilms on the catheter and urothelium, under‑represented in planktonic urine cultures

Question 2 — Antibiotic Selection & Dosing in CAUTI

A 72‑year‑old woman in a nursing facility has a 7‑day indwelling catheter and develops dysuria and suprapubic pain. Empiric TMP–SMX 160/800 mg orally for 3 days is started for presumed UTI. She returns 48 hours later with persistent symptoms. Which management is most appropriate given CAUTI treatment outcomes cited in the review?

B. Switch to an oral fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) 500–1,000 mg daily for 5–7 days, while tailoring to urine culture and resistance data

Question 3 — uUTI Symptom Control & COX‑2 Biology

A 45‑year‑old otherwise healthy woman presents with an uncomplicated UTI (uUTI): dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain for 24 hours. She asks whether she can avoid antibiotics if possible. Which statement best reflects the clinical evidence and mechanistic context presented in the article?

B. In a randomized 3‑day pilot trial, ibuprofen (COX‑2 inhibition) and ciprofloxacin produced a similar ~50% reduction in mean symptomatic scores, with the ibuprofen arm showing no additional adverse effects or need for rescue antibiotics

Paper for Next Week: 

Beyrer, C., Ratevosian, J., Gelderblom, H., & Rosenberg, N. E. (2025). The HIV/AIDS pandemic: where are we now? AIDS, 39(11), 1497–1504.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but d