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Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: India Bollywood Hindi Song Background Jusic by ikoliks

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commercial educational use

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episode 9 Pulmonary Embolism

Question 1: Diagnosis in Non-Pregnant Patients with Elevated D-dimer

 A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. She has a history of recent long-haul flight and oral contraceptive use. On examination, she has tachycardia and tachypnea but is normotensive. Her D-dimer level is elevated. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? 

• C. Obtain a computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). 

Question 2: Treatment for Cancer Patients with Stable PE

 A 65-year-old man with a history of lung cancer is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE) after presenting with dyspnea and chest pain. He is hemodynamically stable, and his right ventricular function is normal on echocardiogram. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment? 

• B. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) 

Question 3: Managing Suspected PE in Pregnancy

 A 30-year-old pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of dyspnea and chest pain. She has no significant past medical history. Her vital signs are stable, and her D-dimer level is elevated. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? 

• A. Perform a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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 Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: Alone by BoDleasons

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commericial educational use

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episode 8 Stroke

1. Question: A patient presents with transient ischemic attack (TIA) symptoms that are triggered by physical activity or changes in blood pressure. Which type of stroke is most likely? 

• C. Hemodynamic stroke 

2 Question: A patient with internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) undergoes PET imaging. The results show normal CBF, CMRO2, and OEF, but increased CBV in the affected cortical territory, and decreased CVR. According to the stages of hemodynamic failure, this patient is in which stage? 

• B. Stage 1 (Oligemia) 

 3 Question: A patient has been diagnosed with hemodynamic stroke due to internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) and is found to have Stage 2 (Misery Perfusion) on PET imaging. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment approach based on current evidence? 

• C. Medical management with antiplatelets and lipid-lowering agents 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: Eco Technology by Lexin Music

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commericial educational use

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episode 7

Question 1: Reperfusion Strategy in STEMI

 A 65-year-old man presents to a rural hospital with a 2-hour history of severe chest pain. His ECG shows ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads, consistent with acute myocardial infarction. The nearest hospital capable of performing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is 2 hours away by ambulance. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for this patient?

 A. Administer intravenous fibrinolytic therapy and arrange for immediate transfer to the PCI-capable hospital.

 Question 2: Revascularization in Multivessel Disease

 A 55-year-old man presents with acute myocardial infarction and is found to have multivessel disease (MVD) on coronary angiography. The culprit lesion is in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, and there are significant stenoses in the right coronary artery (RCA) and circumflex artery. He undergoes successful primary PCI of the LAD. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in his management?

 B. Perform staged PCI of the RCA and circumflex artery within the next few weeks.
 
 Question 3: Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

 A 60-year-old man with a history of acute myocardial infarction undergoes successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent placement. He has no other significant medical history. Which of the following is the recommended duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for this patient?

 C. 12 months

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: Fast Chase Music Comedy Action by Omar Faruque

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commericial educational use

 Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episode 6

 Question 1

A 62-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents with complaints of leg pain during walking that resolves with rest. He is diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and undergoes successful endovascular revascularization. Which of the following interventions is MOST likely to reduce both major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) in this patient post-procedure?

 C. Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg daily
 
 Question 2

A 55-year-old female with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 110 mg/dL is currently on atorvastatin 20 mg daily. Despite this, her LDL remains above the guideline-recommended goal. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step in her lipid-lowering therapy according to current guidelines?

A. Increase atorvastatin to 80 mg daily

Question 3

A 68-year-old male with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication is referred to a supervised exercise therapy (SET) program. Which of the following outcomes is MOST likely to result from his participation in a 12-week SET program?

 B. Improvement in maximal walking distance by up to 300 meters

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 6 PAD

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Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: Waterfall by RomanSenykMusic

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commericial educational use

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episodes 4 and 5

Week 4

Question 1: Prevalence of AF in HF

Which of the following statements is true regarding the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) patients?

 b) AF is diagnosed in approximately 44% of patients with acute HF.

Question 2: Catheter Ablation Recommendation

What is the current recommendation for catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure?

 c) Class 1 A recommendation for patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and end-stage HF.

Question 3: Effect of GDMT on AF

What is the effect of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure on the incidence of atrial fibrillations?

 c) Decreases the incidence of AF and progression of atrial myopathy.

Week 5

 Question 1

A 52-year-old male presents to your clinic for a routine health evaluation. He has no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but has a family history of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). His lipid panel reveals an LDL-C of 160 mg/dL, HDL-C of 45 mg/dL, and triglycerides of 180 mg/dL. Using the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE), his 10-year ASCVD risk is calculated at 8%. According to the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guidelines, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in managing his dyslipidemia?

 C. Evaluate risk-enhancing factors and discuss moderate-intensity statin therapy

Question 2

A 65-year-old female with a history of myocardial infarction 3 years ago is currently on atorvastatin 40 mg daily. Her recent lipid panel shows an LDL-C of 85 mg/dL. She reports no adverse effects from her medication. According to contemporary guidelines discussed in the article, which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy to further reduce her cardiovascular risk?

 C. Add ezetimibe to her regimen to achieve an LDL-C <55 mg/dL

Question 3

A 45-year-old male with type 2 diabetes and hypertension presents for follow-up. His lipid panel shows an LDL-C of 130 mg/dL and triglycerides of 220 mg/dL. He is not currently on lipid-lowering therapy. The article discusses the role of triglycerides in cardiovascular risk management. Based on this, which of the following statements best reflects the current guideline recommendations for managing his triglyceride levels?

 C. Consider triglyceride-lowering therapy if he is on a statin and has established ASCVD

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 5 Dyslipidemia

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 Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963 

Outro: Electronic Reggae by Fernando Dias Silva

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons for non-Commercial Educational use only.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers to Week 3 Questions

Question 1:

A 65-year-old patient presents with chronic fatigue and shortness of breath. The patient's NT-proBNP level is measured at 1800 ng/L. According to the UK guidelines for chronic heart failure investigation, what is the most appropriate next step in management?

B. Referral within six weeks for a heart failure diagnostic pathway.

Question 2:

Which of the following best describes the primary utility of NT-proBNP testing in the context of heart failure management?

C. It helps in the diagnosis and management of heart failure by indicating cardiac stress.

Question 3:

A patient with suspected chronic heart failure has just had their NT-proBNP tested. The results show levels above 400 ng/L. What does this result primarily indicate?

B. The patient's heart is under stress, possibly due to heart failure.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0  is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 4.1  Discipline Empathy and World Intention

Errata: I said "RK21" when referring to the Chernobyl reactor. It is an RBMK reactor and it is ironically, given the discussion, located in Pripyat, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine.

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Intro/Outro: Night Detective by Amaksi

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons for non-Commercial Educational use only.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations is produced using (and we always accept donations from any gear folks):

Rode Podcaster Pro

Rode NT1-A mics

Polsen Studio Headphones

Kopul XLR cables

SanDisk media

iPhone 6

Final Cut Pro X

iMac

Tama mic stands

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

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Music: Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963 

            Outro: The Moment (Inspiring-Life) by Amaksi

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons for non-Commercial Educational use only.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Rotations is produced using (and we always accept donations from any gear folks):

Rode Podcaster Pro

Rode NT1-A mics

Polsen Studio Headphones

Kopul XLR cables

SanDisk media

iPhone 6

Final Cut Pro X

iMac

Tama mic stands

Questions and Answers from Week 2 CAD

Question 1:

A 45-year-old male with a family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in his father (age at onset: 50) and brother (age at onset: 48) presents for a routine health check-up. According to the article, which of the following imaging modalities would be most appropriate for screening this patient for CAD, considering his family history?

Correct Answer: C. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)

Explanation: The document emphasizes the use of CCTA for examining the extent of coronary plaque, especially non-calcified plaque, in asymptomatic members of families with a history of early CAD. Given the patient's family history, CCTA is suggested as it can help in the early evaluation of coronary atherosclerosis and guide clinical management effectively, as per the article's discussion on screening methods.

Question 2:

Which of the following is NOT listed in the document as a significant factor in the development of coronary artery disease among individuals with a positive family history?

Correct Answer: D. Increased incidence of infectious diseases

Explanation: The document discusses several mechanisms underlying the higher prevalence of CAD in individuals with a family history, including inherited pathologies, genetic predispositions, shared lifestyle and environments, and epigenetics. However, it does not mention an increased incidence of infectious diseases as a factor related to CAD in this context.

Question 3:

A study mentioned in the article demonstrated that family history of CAD increases the risk of coronary events, particularly when considering which of the following aspects of family history?

Correct Answer: B. Age at onset of CAD in the relative

Explanation: The document specifically highlights that the risk of developing CAD is significantly higher among first-degree relatives, particularly when CAD manifests early in relatives. This is confirmed by various studies, including those from the Framingham Heart Study, which noted higher risks when CAD onset was premature in relatives. The age at which relatives developed CAD is thus a crucial factor in risk assessment according to the article.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or re

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Episode 3 Congestive Heart Failure

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 Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963 

Outro Music: Flying Through the Valley by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons for non-Commercial Educational use only.

 Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

 Rotations is produced using (and we always accept donations from any gear folks):

Rode Podcaster Pro

Rode NT1-A mics

Polsen Studio Headphones

Kopul XLR cables

SanDisk media

iPhone 6

Final Cut Pro X

iMac

Tama mic stands

 Rotations 2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

 Rotations is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

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Episode 2 CAD

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Music: Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963 

            Outro: Love Story by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons for non-Commercial Educational use only.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

 Rotations is produced using (and we always accept donations from any gear folks):

 Rode Podcaster Pro

Rode NT1-A mics

Polsen Studio Headphones

Kopul XLR cables

SanDisk media

iPhone 6

Final Cut Pro X

iMac

Tama mic stands

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

 Rotations is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.