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Episode 69 Melanoma

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Answers for Episode 68.1 Fungal Skin Infections

Question 1

A 34‑year‑old man presents with a 6‑month history of pruritic, annular plaques on the groin and inner thighs. He has been treated multiple times with over‑the‑counter antifungal–corticosteroid combination creams with minimal improvement. Physical examination reveals erythematous plaques with indistinct borders and no central clearing. Which of the following best explains the patient’s current presentation?

C. Steroid‑modified dermatophyte infection (tinea incognito)

A multicenter molecular study cited in the article examined 351 cases of dermatophytosis in India. Which of the following findings was most strongly associated with the recent epidemic‑like increase in treatment‑resistant cutaneous fungal infections?

C. Emergence of Trichophyton indotineae with squalene epoxidase gene mutations

Question 3

A 68‑year‑old woman with diabetes presents with thickened, yellow‑brown toenails involving the great toe and second toe. She has no concurrent rash on the feet or hands. Initial KOH testing is positive for fungal hyphae. Which diagnostic approach is most appropriate to confirm the suspected etiology and guide management?

C. Repeated fungal cultures to evaluate for non‑dermatophyte mold infection

Sergi, Maria Chiara, Francesca Ambrogio, Mario Della Mura, Joana Sorino, and Gerardo Cazzato.
“Basal Cell Carcinoma: An Old Friend with Multiple Faces.” Cancers 17, no. 6 (2025): 993.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17060993.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 68.1 Fungal Skin Infections

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 Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

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Answers for Episode 68 Impetigo and Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome

Question 1

A 3 year old child presents with fever, irritability, and widespread tender erythematous patches that rapidly evolve into fragile bullae. Gentle lateral pressure on the skin causes the superficial epidermis to shear off. Cultures taken from the bullae show no bacterial growth. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of this child’s condition?

D. Hematogenous spread of exfoliative toxins targeting desmoglein 1

Question 2

A newborn develops flaccid bullae in well demarcated clusters on the trunk and diaper area. The bullae rupture easily, leaving behind a narrow rim of scale and thin brown crust. Bacterial cultures of the lesional fluid grow Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following additional findings would most help distinguish this condition from staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

C. Presence of viable bacteria within the bullae

Question 3

 A hospitalized adult with severe renal disease presents with widespread blistering, fever, and erythema. Blood cultures grow Staphylococcus aureus. The care team initiates IV oxacillin, but the patient fails to improve. Local antibiograms show high regional MRSA prevalence. According to current evidence summarized in the article, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

D. Switch to IV vancomycin

Caraviello, Camila, Gianluca Nazzaro, Gianluca Tavoletti, Francesca Boggio, Nerina Denaro, Giulia Murgia, Emanuela Passoni, Valentina Benzecry Mancin, and Angelo Valerio Marzano. “Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge.” Cancers17, no. 17 (2025): 2920. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 68 Impetigo and Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome

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 Answers for Episode 67 Urticaria

Q1. Diagnosis — hairdresser with immediate wheals

A 28‑year‑old hairdresser develops intensely pruritic wheals on her hands and forearms within minutes of mixing bleaching powder at work. Symptoms resolve within several hours after leaving the salon. She denies prior episodes of anaphylaxis. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?

B. Skin prick testing (SPT) with ammonium persulfate using appropriate positive/negative controls

Q2. 

A 36‑year‑old operating room nurse has IgE‑mediated contact urticaria to natural rubber latex confirmed by positive SPT. Despite attempts to substitute gloves, occasional exposures still occur, leading to immediate pruritic wheals on the hands and wrists. She has never required epinephrine. Which of the following is the best initial pharmacologic strategy to reduce symptoms when complete avoidance is not feasible?

A. Begin a second‑generation H1‑antihistamine and titrate up to four times the licensed daily dose as needed

Q3. 

A 24‑year‑old woman applies a new facial moisturizer and experiences burning and erythema within 15 minutes, with occasional small wheals limited to the application area. Ingredient review reveals benzoic acid. Which feature most strongly supports a diagnosis of non‑immunologic contact urticaria (NI‑CoU) rather than I‑CoU?

D. Reactions can occur on first exposure and are dose‑dependent

Paper for Next Week:

Chanyachailert, Pattriya, Charussri Leeyaphan, and Sumanas Bunyaratavej. “Cutaneous Fungal Infections Caused by Dermatophytes and Non‑Dermatophytes: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Testing.” Journal of Fungi 9, no. 6 (2023): 669.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 67 Urticaria

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Answers for Episode 66  Contact Dermatitis

Question 1

A 34‑year‑old hairdresser reports intensely pruritic, erythematous, and edematous lesions with vesiculation at the dorsal hands that begin within a few hours after she contacts a known workplace chemical at sites previously affected in the past. Which immunologic mechanism best explains the rapid onset of her local reaction?

C. Activation of epidermal CD8+ tissue‑resident memory (TRM) cells that rapidly produce IFN‑γ and IL‑17 and drive neutrophil recruitment. 

Question 2

Which of the following experimental findings would most directly support a pathogenic role for neutrophils in rapid‑onset allergic contact dermatitis in a mouse model?

A.    Depletion of neutrophils prior to allergen challenge markedly reduces the early (<24 h) skin swelling and histologic neutrophil infiltrate. 

Question 3

A researcher proposes a clinical trial to prevent rapid‑onset ACD flares by blocking neutrophil chemotaxis. Which therapeutic target discussed in the article is most appropriate for this strategy, and what practical limitation did the authors highlight for its use in real‑world rapid flares?

A. Target CXCR2 to inhibit neutrophil recruitment; limitation — need for near‑immediate administration after allergen re‑exposure to prevent extravasation. 

Paper for Next Week:

Brazel, Morgan, Anand Desai, Abhirup Are, and Kiran Motaparthi. “Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome and Bullous Impetigo.” Medicina 57, no. 11 (2021): 1157.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 66 Contact Dermatitis

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

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Answers for Episode 65  Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Question 1 — Systemic Therapy Selection

A 32‑year‑old woman with moderate‑to‑severe atopic eczema has failed optimized topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and UVB therapy. She has no significant medical history and is not pregnant. She asks about the most evidence‑supported systemic therapy with the best long‑term safety profile and minimal laboratory monitoring. Which of the following is the most appropriate next‑line therapy?

C. Dupilumab 600 mg loading dose, then 300 mg every 2 weeks

Question 2 — Pediatric Treatment Decision

A 10‑year‑old boy (weight 28 kg) has severe atopic eczema poorly controlled with optimized topical therapy and narrow‑band UVB. His parents prefer a systemic option that is FDA/EMA‑approved for his age group and does not require routine blood monitoring. Which treatment is most appropriate?

B. Dupilumab 300 mg every 4 weeks

Question 3 — Contraindicated Therapy in Pregnancy

A 29‑year‑old woman with severe atopic eczema presents for follow‑up. She tells you she is 8 weeks pregnant and her disease is worsening despite appropriate topical corticosteroids and emollient therapy. Which of the following systemic therapies is contraindicated during pregnancy?

C. Upadacitinib

Paper for Next Week:

Bizjak, Mojca, Olivier Aerts, David Pesqué, Melba Muñoz, Riccardo Asero, Margarida Gonçalo, Thomas Rustemeyer, Mitja Košnik, Mark Kačar, An Goossens, Jose Hernán Alfonso, Charlotte G. Mortz, Maryam Ali Al‑Nesf, Joachim W. Fluhr, Howard I. Maibach, and Ana Maria Giménez‑Arnau. “Contact Urticaria and Related Conditions: Clinical Review.” Contact Dermatitis 93 (2025): 87–107.  

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 65.1  Ibogaine and Executive Order 

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Intro/Outro: Night Detective by Amaksi

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Papers referenced

Mosca, Alessio, Stefania Chiappini, Andrea Miuli, Gianluca Mancusi, Maria Chiara Santovito, Francesco Di Carlo, Mauro Pettorruso, John M. Corkery, Carlos Canessa, Giovanni Martinotti, and Massimo Di Giannantonio. “Ibogaine/Noribogaine in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature.” Current Neuropharmacology 21, no. 11 (2023): 2178–2194. 

Mackey, Katherine M., Johanna K. Anderson, Beth E. Williams, Rachel M. Ward, and Nicholas J. Parr. Evidence Brief: Psychedelic Medications for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders. Washington, DC: Evidence Synthesis Program, Health Services Research and Development Service, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2022.

PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS: ACCELERATING MEDICAL TREATMENTS FOR SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS

Executive Orders April 18, 2026

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 65 Atopic Dermatitis

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 Answers for Episode 64 Psoriasis

 Question 1 — Psoriasis Comorbidities and Early Detection

A 36‑year‑old man with a 10‑year history of chronic plaque psoriasis presents for evaluation. He reports new-onset morning stiffness in his lower back lasting more than an hour and improving with activity. His exam shows limited lumbar flexion but no peripheral joint swelling. Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints are unremarkable. Which of the following is the most important reason to screen this patient promptly for psoriatic arthritis?

D. Early diagnosis reduces the risk of irreversible joint damage

Question 2 — Systemic Therapy Safety Considerations

A 29‑year‑old woman with erythrodermic psoriasis is prescribed a systemic retinoid. After one month of treatment, she reports dry lips, hair thinning, and peeling skin. She asks when she can safely become pregnant after stopping therapy. Laboratory studies show mild hyperlipidemia. Which medication is she most likely taking?

C. Acitretin

Question 3 — Treatment Escalation and Contraindications

A 45‑year‑old woman with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis has failed topical therapy and methotrexate. She is being evaluated for biologic therapy. Her past medical history is significant for Crohn’s disease. Which biologic agent should be avoided in this patient?

B. Secukinumab

Paper for Next Week:

 Anders Boutrup Funch, Carsten Geisler, and Charlotte Menné Bonefeld.
“Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Immunopathology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.”
Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 20 (2025): 7175. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14207175.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 64 Psorasis

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

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Answers for Episode 63 AcneQuestion 1

A 17‑year‑old adolescent presents with moderate inflammatory acne on the face and back. Microbiome analysis of her lesions shows decreased alpha diversity and an overrepresentation of Enterococcaceae on both the face and back. Which of the following best explains these findings?

D. Dysbiosis characterized by decreased microbial diversity and overgrowth of specific taxa

Question 2

A 19‑year‑old woman with moderate acne begins treatment with 2% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) for 8 weeks. At follow‑up, she reports clinical improvement. Microbiome analysis shows increased alpha and beta diversity and reductions in Staphylococcus, Ralstonia, and Streptococcus species. Which mechanism best explains these findings?

B. Anti‑inflammatory effects with stabilization of microbial communities

Question 3

A researcher evaluates the impact of different acne treatments on the cutaneous microbiome. She notes that only one standard therapy consistently produced a statistically significant change in alpha diversity across multiple studies included in a meta‑analysis. Which treatment is she referring to?

D. Topical benzoyl peroxide (BPO)

Paper for Next Week:

Wollenberg, A., M. Kinberger, B. Arents, N. Aszodi, S. Barbarot, T. Bieber, H. A. Brough, et al. 2025. “European Guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on Atopic Eczema: Living Update.” Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 39: 1537–1566. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.20639.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 63 Acne

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

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Answers for Episode 62 Pharyngitis

Question 1: Adolescent with red flags after “sore throat”

A 17-year-old previously healthy male presents with 5 days of worsening sore throat, high fevers, and new right-sided neck pain with swelling. A rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for group A Streptococcus done 2 days ago at an urgent care was negative. Today he appears toxic, and there is tenderness along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. Which of the following is the most likely pathogen–complication pairing explaining this presentation?

B. Fusobacterium necrophorum — Lemierre syndrome (internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis with anaerobic septicemia)

Question 2: Testing strategy in a child with suspected GAS

An 8-year-old girl presents with fever (39.3 °C), throat pain, and tonsillar exudates without cough. Her McIsaac score is 3. A point‑of‑care RADT for GAS is negative. Which of the following is the best next step?

B. Send a throat culture (or molecular test if available) to confirm the negative RADT

Question 3: Reemerging pathogen and optimal diagnostic confirmation

A 32-year-old recent immigrant with unknown vaccination status presents with fever, malaise, and severe sore throat. Examination reveals a gray‑white adherent membrane over the pharynx and tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Which diagnostic approach most rapidly and accurately confirms the suspected diagnosis?

B. Duplex real‑time PCR on a throat swab to simultaneously detect Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the toxin‑encoding gene

Paper for Next Week:

Chan, Jonathan J. “Psoriasis: An Update on Topical and Systemic Therapies.” Australian Prescriber 48, no. 3 (June 2025): 87–92. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 62 Pharyngitis

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

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Answers for Episode 61 Otitis Media

Question 1 — Initial management (observation vs antibiotics)

A 28‑month‑old boy is brought in for 1 day of ear pain and fussiness. His temperature in clinic is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). He is otherwise healthy, immunizations are up to date, and there has been no antibiotic use in the past month. Otoscopy shows a mildly bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane on the right with preserved landmarks; the left ear is normal. He is drinking adequately and has mild, controllable pain. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

B. Watchful waiting for 48–72 hours with scheduled oral analgesics and clear return precautions

Question 2 — First‑line antibiotic and dosing

A 3‑year‑old girl presents with 2 days of bilateral ear pain and poor sleep. She is well‑appearing, has no conjunctivitis, and has not taken antibiotics in the last 30 days. Otoscopy reveals moderate bulging of both tympanic membranes with middle‑ear effusions. What is the most appropriate initial antibiotic regimen?

D. Amoxicillin 80–90 mg/kg/day PO divided twice daily

Question 3 — Duration of therapy

A 6‑year‑old boy with non‑severe unilateral AOM is started on high‑dose amoxicillin. He has no tympanic membrane perforation, and symptoms are improving after 48 hours. What is the most appropriate total duration of antibiotic therapy for this patient?

C. 5–7 days

Paper for Next Week:

Podwojniak, A., Tan, I. J., Sauer, J., Neubauer, Z., Rothenberg, H., Ghani, H., Parikh, A. K., & Cohen, B. (2025). Acne and the cutaneous microbiome: A systematic review of mechanisms and implications for treatments. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 39, 793–805.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.