Rotations 2.0

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Episode Norovirus

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Paper for next week:

Tarnutzer, Alexander Andrea, Hassen Kerkeni, Suzie Diener, Roger Kalla, Claudia Candreia, Renato Piantanida, Raphaël Maire, et al. 2025. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Vertigo and Dizziness: Interdisciplinary Guidance Paper for Clinical Practice." HNO 73 (S3): S357–S369.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency 

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 87 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: A Lonely Reunion Love Thy Hero by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Paper for next week:

Tarnutzer, Alexander Andrea, Hassen Kerkeni, Suzie Diener, Roger Kalla, Claudia Candreia, Renato Piantanida, Raphaël Maire, et al. 2025. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Vertigo and Dizziness: Interdisciplinary Guidance Paper for Clinical Practice." HNO 73 (S3): S357–S369.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 86 Parkinson's Disease

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Heartbeat of the Universe by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Paper for next week:

Chang, Min Cheol, and Seoyon Yang. "Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Essentials: A Narrative Review." Annals of Palliative Medicine 12, no. 2 (March 2023): 390–98.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 85 Multiple Sclerosis

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Memories in Motion by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Paper for next week:

Sophie Waller et al., "The Initial Diagnosis and Management of Parkinson’s Disease," Australian Journal of General Practice 50, no. 11 (November 2021): 793.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 84 Epilepsy

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Urban Starscape by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

International Leage for Epilepsy.  https://www.ilae.org 

 Paper for next week:

Montague, Turlough, James Drummond, Karl Ng, and John Parratt. "Advancements in Multiple Sclerosis." Internal Medicine Journal 55, no. 7 (2025): 895–904. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.70023.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency. 

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 83 Tension Headaches

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Push it to the Extreme by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Paper for next week:

Ahmed, Abdullah, Abdul-Habib Rahman, Shimul Williams, Mubeen Toufiq, Eyad Jamileh, Sheema Chaudhry, Khadijah Ahmed, and Munir Ahmed. 2024. “Seizures and Epilepsy: An Overview for UK Medical Students.” Cureus 16 (10): e70654. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.70654.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 82 Migraines

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Time for Two by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 81  Schizophrenia

Question 1

A 28-year-old man with schizophrenia continues to have difficulty maintaining employment despite adequate control of hallucinations and delusions on antipsychotic medication. Which of the following factors most strongly contributes to his impaired functional outcome?

C. Cognitive dysfunction

Question 2

A researcher is studying quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia. Which cognitive domain has been shown to have a stronger relationship with subjective quality of life compared to neurocognition?

D. Theory of mind

Question 3

A clinician is considering treatment strategies to improve cognitive deficits in a patient with schizophrenia. Based on current evidence, which intervention is most likely to produce sustained improvement in multiple cognitive domains?

C. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT)

Paper for next week:

Onan, Dara, Samara Youns, Wam David Wesgatiñk, Fatemeh Farham, Saulius Andruškevičius, Ana Abashidze, Ase Jusupova, Yury Romanenko, Oxana Grosu, Meermigul Zamirbekovna Modokulova, Ulkar Mursalova, Sada Sadikhodjaeva, Paolo Martelletti, and Sat Ashina. “Debate: Differences and Similarities between Tension-Type Headache and Migraine.” The Journal of Headache and Pain 24, no. 1 (2023): 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01614-0.  

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

 Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 81.1  Marijuana and Psychosis

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Intro/Outro: Night Detective by Amaksi

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons for non-Commercial Educational use only.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Paper referenced:

Pourebrahim S, Ahmad T, Rottmann E, Schulze J, Scheller B. Does Cannabis Use Contribute to Schizophrenia? A Causation Analysis Based on Epidemiological Evidence. Biomolecules. 2025 Mar 4;15(3):368. doi: 10.3390/biom15030368. PMID: 40149904; PMCID: PMC11940535.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 81 Schizophrenia

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Big Guy by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 80  Dementia

Question 1

A 74-year-old man presents with gradually worsening memory loss over 5 years. Brain autopsy later reveals extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Further analysis shows that amyloid deposition began years before symptom onset. Which of the following best describes the earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis?

C. Accumulation of amyloid-beta in the neocortex

Question 2

An 82-year-old woman presents with progressive memory loss. She has a history of hypertension and diabetes. MRI reveals multiple small infarcts and white matter changes. At autopsy, she is found to have Alzheimer’s disease pathology, TDP-43 inclusions, and vascular infarcts. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of her dementia?

D. Mixed dementia due to multiple coexisting pathologies

Question 3

A 79-year-old patient presents with memory impairment. Amyloid PET imaging is negative, but MRI shows hippocampal atrophy. Neuropathologic examination later reveals TDP-43 protein deposition in the amygdala and hippocampus. Which of the following diagnoses is most consistent with these findings?

D. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE)

Paper for next week:

Aguilar-Shea, Antonio L., and Javier Diaz-de-Teran. “Migraine Review for General Practice.” Atención Primaria 54 (2021): 102208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102208. 

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 80 Dementia

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: Inspired to Begin by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS 

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

 Answers for Episode 79  Substance Use Disorder

 Question 1

A 32-year-old man presents with agitation, tachycardia, and euphoria after using a recreational drug. Laboratory studies show elevated extracellular dopamine levels in the brain. Which of the following mechanisms best explains the primary neurochemical action of cocaine that produces these effects?

C. Inhibition of the dopamine transporter leading to increased extracellular dopamine

Question 2

 A 45-year-old patient with opioid use disorder is found unresponsive with respiratory depression after injecting fentanyl. Emergency medical services administer naloxone, but repeated doses are required to maintain respiration. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

C. Naloxone has a shorter half-life than fentanyl and may require repeated dosing

Question 3

 A research study investigates synaptic changes in the brains of individuals with substance use disorder. Investigators find that repeated exposure to cocaine leads to the formation of “silent synapses” characterized by an altered receptor ratio. Which of the following best describes this synaptic adaptation?

B. Decreased AMPA/NMDA receptor ratio at glutamatergic synapses

Paper for next week:

Takeda, Tomoya, Hidehiro Umehara, Yui Matsumoto, Tomohiro Yoshida, Masahito Nakataki, and Shusuke Numata. “Schizophrenia and Cognitive Dysfunction.” Journal of Medical Investigation 71 (August 2024): 205–209.

Rotations  2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.