Why is air the rarest and most crucial ingredient for life? We explore how atmospheres form, fail, and filter entire worlds—and how this shapes the Fermi Paradox and the search for alien civilizations.

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Credits:

Produced, Narrated & Written: Isaac Arthur

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Why is air the rarest and most crucial ingredient for life? We explore how atmospheres form, fail, and filter entire worlds—and how this shapes the Fermi Paradox and the search for alien civilizations.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur

Check out Joe Scott's Oldest & Newest: https://nebula.tv/videos/joescott-oldest-and-newest-places-on-earth?ref=isaacarthur

Watch my exclusive video Chronoengineering: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-chronoengineering-manipulating-time-as-technology

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Credits:

Produced, Narrated & Written: Isaac Arthur

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Asteroid mines become mobile city-states. Explore how hollowed asteroids grow into sovereign habitats, economies, and civilizations.

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Check out Mad Kings: https://nebula.tv/madkings?ref=isaacarthur

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Credits:

Asteroid City States – Living in Mobile Habitats Powered by Resource Extraction

Written, Produced & Narrated by:

Isaac Arthur

Graphics from Bryan Versteeg, Fishy Tree, Jeremy Jozwik

Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Asteroid mines become mobile city-states. Explore how hollowed asteroids grow into sovereign habitats, economies, and civilizations.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur

Check out Mad Kings: https://nebula.tv/madkings?ref=isaacarthur

Watch my exclusive video Chronoengineering: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-chronoengineering-manipulating-time-as-technology

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Credits:

Asteroid City States – Living in Mobile Habitats Powered by Resource Extraction

Written, Produced & Narrated by:

Isaac Arthur

Graphics from Bryan Versteeg, Fishy Tree, Jeremy Jozwik

Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

What if alien civilizations exist—but chose to hide? Exploring shadow empires, cosmic silence, and the limits of secrecy in space.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur

Check out Mad Kings: https://nebula.tv/madkings?ref=isaacarthur

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Credits:

Hidden Alien Empires: Shadow Civilizations & Exostellar Realms

Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

What if alien civilizations exist—but chose to hide? Exploring shadow empires, cosmic silence, and the limits of secrecy in space.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur

Check out Mad Kings: https://nebula.tv/madkings?ref=isaacarthur

Watch my exclusive video Chronoengineering: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-chronoengineering-manipulating-time-as-technology

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Credits:

Hidden Alien Empires: Shadow Civilizations & Exostellar Realms

Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

How big could space habitats really get? From O’Neill cylinders to Ringworlds and Topopolises, we explore the true limits of megastructure scale.

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Credits:

How Big Could a Space Habitat Get?

Written, Produced & Narrated by:

Isaac Arthur

Editor: Tim Liusko

Graphics from Fishy Tree, Jarred Eagley, Jeremy Jozwik, J. Dixon, Ken York, Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

How big could space habitats really get? From O’Neill cylinders to Ringworlds and Topopolises, we explore the true limits of megastructure scale.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur

Watch my exclusive video Chronoengineering: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-chronoengineering-manipulating-time-as-technology

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💬 SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE

Credits:

How Big Could a Space Habitat Get?

Written, Produced & Narrated by:

Isaac Arthur

Editor: Tim Liusko

Graphics from Fishy Tree, Jarred Eagley, Jeremy Jozwik, J. Dixon, Ken York, Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Are we here by design, chance, or selection bias? The Anthropic Principle, fine-tuning, doomsday math, and Boltzmann brains.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur

Check out Joe Scott's Oldest & Newest: https://nebula.tv/videos/joescott-oldest-and-newest-places-on-earth?ref=isaacarthur

Watch my exclusive video Chronoengineering: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-chronoengineering-manipulating-time-as-technology

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🌐 Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net

❤️ Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur

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Credits: The Anthropic Principle – Are We Meant to Be Here, or Just Lucky?

Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone & Chris Zabriskie

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Are we here by design, chance, or selection bias? The Anthropic Principle, fine-tuning, doomsday math, and Boltzmann brains.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur

Check out Joe Scott's Oldest & Newest: https://nebula.tv/videos/joescott-oldest-and-newest-places-on-earth?ref=isaacarthur

Watch my exclusive video Chronoengineering: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-chronoengineering-manipulating-time-as-technology

🚀 Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZFipeZtQM5CKUjx6grh54g/join

🛒 SFIA Merchandise: https://isaac-arthur-shop.fourthwall.com/

🌐 Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net

❤️ Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur

⭐ Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur

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💬 SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE

Credits: The Anthropic Principle – Are We Meant to Be Here, or Just Lucky?

Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic & Stellardrone & Chris Zabriskie

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.