This episode of SpaceTime explores the recent surge in solar activity, including the largest solar flare of the year and the most intense geomagnetic storm in two decades.Massive Solar Flare and Its Implications
We delve into the details of a powerful X 2.7 class solar flare that erupted from a newly active sunspot region, AR14087. Although the flare was not initially directed towards Earth, its rotation has now positioned it directly in our path. We discuss the mechanics of solar flares, their classification, and the potential impacts of such events on our planet, including disruptions to communication systems, satellite operations, and even power grids.The Gannon Storm: A Historic Geomagnetic Event
The episode highlights the Gannon Storm, a severe geomagnetic storm that struck Earth on May 10, 2024. Coinciding with a space weather exercise, this event caused significant disruptions, including high voltage power line failures and rerouted flights due to radiation exposure. We analyze its effects on the atmosphere, satellites, and even the ionosphere, revealing insights into how such storms can impact modern technology.Ancient Solar Storms and Their Modern Implications
In a fascinating segment, we discuss a groundbreaking study that identifies the strongest solar storm ever recorded, dating back to 12350 BCE. This ancient event, significantly more intense than any modern storm, provides invaluable data for understanding solar activity and its potential risks to contemporary infrastructure.Science Robert: Long Work Hours and Brain Changes
We also touch on a new study revealing how long working hours could alter brain structures, potentially affecting memory and emotional regulation.Join us as we unpack these cosmic phenomena and their implications for life on Earth and beyond.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine
https://journals.lww.com/joem/Pages/default.aspx
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 Solar flares are powerful blasts of energy erupting from sunspots
10:30 May 2024 was the biggest geomagnetic storm in over 20 years
14:29 New study reveals strongest solar event ever recorded, rewriting science on space weather
18:23 A new study claims people who work long hours could have altered brain structures

This episode of SpaceTime covers a range of exciting topics, including the delayed launch of Gilmour Space's Eris rocket, groundbreaking discoveries on Venus, and a billion-year-old asteroid impact in Scotland that raises new questions about the evolution of life on Earth.
Eris Rocket Launch Delayed
Gilmour Space has postponed the maiden launch of its Eris orbital rocket due to technical issues encountered during pre-flight checks. The rocket, designed to carry small satellite payloads, will now face a delay of at least three weeks as the company investigates the unexpected deployment of the launch vehicle's nosecone fairings. We discuss the implications of this delay and what it means for future commercial launches.
Tectonic Activity on Venus
In a fascinating discovery, scientists have identified possible tectonic activity on Venus, based on data from NASA's Magellan mission. Researchers found evidence of unique geological features known as coronae, which may indicate ongoing deformation of the planet's surface due to molten material from below. This research not only enhances our understanding of Venus but also offers insights into Earth's geological history.
Ancient Asteroid Impact in Scotland
A recent study has revealed that a massive asteroid impact in Scotland occurred 990 million years ago, much later than previously thought. This discovery, based on dating tiny zircon crystals, suggests a connection between this impact event and the emergence of early freshwater eukaryotes on land. We delve into the implications of this revised timeline for our understanding of life on Earth and the environmental changes triggered by such impacts.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Science Advances
https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv
Journal of Geology
https://www.geosociety.org/publications/gsa/geo.asp
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 60 for broadcast on 19 May 2025
00:54 Gilmour Space's Eris rocket launch delayed
10:15 Possible tectonic activity discovered on Venus
18:45 Billion-year-old asteroid impact in Scotland raises questions about early life on Earth
25:00 Science report: Unexplained communications equipment found in Chinese-made solar panel inverters

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This episode of SpaceTime dives deep into the intriguing findings from Mars, the peculiar behavior of a family of stars, and the latest developments in NASA's Artemis program.
Possible Martian Biosignatures
Scientists are captivated by the potential detection of biosignatures in a rock sample named Chayava Falls, collected by NASA's Perseverance rover. This rock, filled with unique chemical signatures, raises questions about the possibility of ancient microbial life on Mars. The analysis reveals organic compounds and distinctive structures, prompting further investigation to determine their origins and implications for past life on the Red Planet.
Strange Stellar Family
In an unexpected discovery, astronomers have identified a cluster of over a thousand young stars, named Ophion, that are behaving in a chaotic manner, rapidly dispersing instead of forming stable groups. This unusual behavior challenges existing theories about star formation and raises questions about the influences of nearby massive stellar groups and past supernovae on their movement.
Artemis 2 Orion Capsule Delivered
The Orion capsule designated for NASA's Artemis 2 mission has officially been handed over to NASA after final assembly and testing. This advanced spacecraft is set to carry a crew of four on a mission to orbit the Moon, marking a significant step towards future lunar exploration. We discuss the enhancements made to Orion since Artemis 1 and the preparations for its upcoming launch.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X
NASA Perseverance Rover
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/
NASA Artemis Program
https://www.nasa.gov/artemis
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 59 for broadcast on 16 May 2025
00:54 Possible biosignatures detected on Mars
12:15 The unusual behavior of the Ophion star cluster
20:30 Artemis 2 Orion capsule delivered to NASA for preparations
25:00 Science report: Technology use around children and its effects on health

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This episode of SpaceTime delves into the latest revelations in the cosmos, exploring groundbreaking theories about dark matter and the future of lunar exploration.
New Insights into Dark Matter
Astronomers have made a significant breakthrough in understanding dark matter, revealing a potential new type of less massive dark matter at the center of the Milky Way. This study, published in Physical Review Letters, suggests that huge clouds of positively charged hydrogen may be linked to this elusive substance. The findings challenge existing models of dark matter, proposing that lighter particles may be responsible for unexplained chemical reactions observed in the galactic center.
Lunar Gateway Space Station Takes Shape
In an exciting development for lunar exploration, the first habitation module for the Lunar Gateway Space Station has arrived in the United States. Known as the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO), this module will serve as a command hub for future missions to the Moon and Mars. We discuss the integration of HALO with the Power and Propulsion Element and the implications for the Artemis program.
Space Junk Threatens the ISS
We also cover the alarming increase in space debris, as NASA is forced to maneuver the International Space Station to avoid a potential collision with fragments of a Chinese rocket. This ongoing issue highlights the growing challenges of maintaining a safe orbital environment for astronauts aboard the ISS.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Physical Review Letters
https://journals.aps.org/prl/
NASA Lunar Gateway
https://www.nasa.gov/gateway
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 58 for broadcast on 14 May 2025
00:54 New insights into dark matter in the Milky Way
10:30 The Lunar Gateway Space Station's HALO module arrives
17:15 Space junk threatens the International Space Station
20:45 Science report: Insights into Earth's population growth and continental movement

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This episode of SpaceTime explores remarkable discoveries and urgent cosmic events that are reshaping our understanding of the universe.
New Giant Galaxies Discovered
Astronomers unveil the discovery of 15 new giant radio galaxies, each spanning over 3 million light years and hosting supermassive black holes. Utilizing the advanced capabilities of the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASCAP), researchers reveal the unique characteristics of these galaxies, including their powerful jets and lobes traveling at superluminal speeds. We delve into the implications of these findings for our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.
Changes on Titan
Next, we discuss the intriguing changes occurring on Saturn's moon Titan, which is experiencing rapid orbital changes on geological timescales. Scientists explore the factors influencing Titan's tidal dissipation rate and what it reveals about the moon's internal structure and history. This study provides insights into the dynamic processes at play in our solar system's moons.
Failed Soviet Spacecraft Returns
We also cover the dramatic re-entry of the Kosmos 482, a failed Soviet spacecraft that spent 53 years in orbit before crashing back to Earth. Launched in 1972 on a mission to Venus, the spacecraft's uncontrolled descent raises concerns about space debris and its potential impact on Earth.
AI and Humanity's Future
Finally, we tackle the controversial topic of artificial intelligence and its potential risks to humanity. With AI evolving at an unprecedented pace, we examine the findings of a new study that assesses the likelihood of AI leading to human extinction. As science fiction warns of a future dominated by AI, we explore the reality of these threats and what they mean for our future.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Science Advances
https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv
Journal of the American Medical Association
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is space time series 28, episode 57 for broadcast on 12 May 2025
00:54 Astronomers have discovered 15 giant radio galaxies each hosting a supermassive black hole
09:35 You're still learning about these galaxies
11:57 Now you, uh, mentioned starburst galaxies earlier. What are we seeing in elliptical galaxies when this happens
15:04 Foreign astronomers have discovered that the orbit of the moon Titan is changing quickly
18:49 A failed Soviet era spacecraft has crashed back to Earth
21:24 New study claims there's still little chance of artificial intelligence actually exterminating humanity
25:39 Using cannabis during pregnancy may increase risk of several adverse birth outcomes, study finds

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In this episode of SpaceTime, we unveil a stunning new ultraviolet map of the Milky Way galaxy, thanks to NASA's New Horizons spacecraft. This groundbreaking observation, published in the Astronomical Journal, provides astronomers with unprecedented insights into the galactic environment surrounding our solar system. We discuss how these findings challenge existing theories about interstellar hydrogen emissions and reveal the complex structures of hot interstellar gas bubbles.
Exploring Mars with Perseverance
Next, we follow NASA's Perseverance Rover as it investigates the intriguing rock formations at the Jezero crater rim. Discover how the rover is analyzing the contrasting layers of rock, searching for clues about Mars's geological history and the processes that shaped its surface.
Psyche Spacecraft Troubles
Finally, we address the ongoing investigation into a significant issue with the electric propulsion system of NASA's Psyche spacecraft. Launched in 2023, this mission aims to explore the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche. We delve into the challenges faced by mission managers and discuss potential solutions to ensure the spacecraft continues on its path to unravel the mysteries of planetary cores.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Astronomical Journal
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X
NASA Perseverance Rover
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/
NASA Psyche Mission
https://www.nasa.gov/psyche
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, episode 56 for broadcast on 9 May 2025
00:45 NASA's New Horizons spacecraft reveals a new ultraviolet map of the Milky Way
12:30 Mars Perseverance Rover continues its exploration of Jezero crater
18:15 NASA investigates issues with the Psyche spacecraft's electric propulsion system
22:00 Skywatch: May night skies and celestial events

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This episode of SpaceTime dives deep into the cosmos, revealing groundbreaking insights into the origins of heavy elements and the geological history of Mars.First, we explore a revolutionary study that uncovers how giant exploding stars produce uranium and other heavy elements. Researchers are now investigating gamma-ray burst jets and the surrounding cocoon formed by collapsed stars. This new framework suggests that high-energy photons can dissolve stellar material into neutrons, leading to the creation of heavy elements through a rapid neutron capture process. We discuss the implications of these findings and how they challenge long-held beliefs about nucleosynthesis in the universe.Shattering Beliefs About Asteroid Vesta
Next, we turn our attention to the asteroid Vesta, where a recent study published in Nature Astronomy reveals that its interior structure is far more uniform than previously thought. This discovery has led scientists to reconsider Vesta's identity, proposing that it may simply be a large asteroid rather than a protoplanet. We examine the research that challenges decades of assumptions about Vesta's formation and its role in understanding the early solar system.Did It Rain or Snow on Ancient Mars?
Finally, we investigate the ancient climate of Mars, with a new study suggesting that geological formations on the planet were shaped by heavy precipitation, indicating a warmer and wetter past. This research utilizes computer simulations to analyze how rain and snow may have contributed to the development of Martian valleys and channels. We discuss the significance of these findings and their implications for our understanding of Mars's climatic history.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X
Nature Astronomy
https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/
Journal of Geophysical Research Planets
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21699356
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 New study provides clues explaining how exploding stars produce uranium and other heavy elements
06:21 New study suggests giant asteroid Vesta is really just a big asteroid
15:19 New study suggests heavy precipitation likely fed valleys on ancient Mars
19:49 A new study warns that microplastic pollution could compromise ocean carbon
22:17 More than 31,000 passwords belonging to Australian banks have been stolen
24:47 Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through bitesz.com

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This episode of SpaceTime explores fascinating new discoveries and urgent updates from the cosmos.First, astronomers have identified a vast molecular gas and dust cloud named Eos, located just 300 light years away from Earth. This remarkable finding, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, marks the first detection of a molecular cloud using far ultraviolet emissions of molecular hydrogen. Eos, which is composed primarily of hydrogen, presents unique opportunities for studying the interstellar medium and the processes of star formation. We discuss the implications of this discovery and how it could reshape our understanding of molecular clouds across the galaxy.Jupiter's Polar Cyclones Under the Microscope
Next, we delve into the latest revelations from NASA's Juno mission, which is providing new insights into Jupiter's ferocious polar cyclones and the volcanic activity on its moon Io. With fresh observations, scientists are uncovering the dynamics of Jupiter's atmosphere and the subsurface temperature profile of Io, shedding light on the gas giant's extreme weather patterns and the moon's geological activity.Out of Control Russian Spacecraft
Finally, we discuss the impending re-entry of the Venera 8 spacecraft, a remnant of the Soviet era, which is expected to crash back to Earth on May 10. Launched in 1972, this spacecraft has been tumbling in low Earth orbit for over five decades. We examine the risks associated with its uncontrolled descent and the potential impact it may have upon re-entry.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Nature Astronomy
https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/
NASA Juno Mission
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is space Time Series 28, episode 54 for broadcast on the 5th May, 2025
00:48 Astronomers have discovered a vast invisible molecular, gas and dust cloud near Earth
12:40 Two key experiments are needed to help us understand the origin of Jupiter
15:42 A failed Soviet spacecraft designed to land on Venus is about to crash on Earth
19:00 New study claims people who use cannabis have higher risk of heart attack
21:12 New study claims ghost lanterns in South Carolina may be caused by earthquakes

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In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries and updates from the cosmos. First, NASA's Curiosity Rover has revealed evidence of a carbon cycle on Mars, with significant carbon deposits found in Gale Crater. This finding, detailed in the journal Science, brings researchers closer to understanding Mars's potential to support life in its past. We discuss the implications of these findings and what they mean for the Red Planet's climatic history and habitability.
Square Kilometer Array Update
Next, we provide an exciting update on the billion-dollar Square Kilometer Array (SKA) project, the world's largest radio telescope currently under construction in Australia and South Africa. We explore how this massive facility will revolutionize our understanding of the universe, operating at unprecedented speeds and sensitivities. With 132,000 antennas spread over vast distances, the SKA aims to answer fundamental questions about gravity, magnetism, and the evolution of galaxies.
Busy Times at the International Space Station
Finally, we take a look at the bustling activity aboard the International Space Station. With recent crew returns and new cargo deliveries, including groundbreaking experiments on time measurement and gravitational research, the ISS continues to be a hub of scientific advancement. We discuss the latest missions and what they mean for future exploration and research in space.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Science
https://www.science.org/
Square Kilometer Array
https://www.skao.int/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is space Time Series 28, episode 53 for broadcast on 2 May 2025
00:25 NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover finds evidence of a carbon cycle on the Red Planet
03:51 Construction works well advanced on world's largest radio telescope, the SKA
07:40 Scientists are building the world's largest radio telescope to probe the deep universe
10:40 Three crew members from the International Space Station have successfully returned to Earth
13:44 Previous studies suggested H5N1 bird flu could spread easily between mammals
16:33 Australian Skeptics has debunked 15 popular supernatural claims
20:00 Some of the things people take seriously have since been proved to Be fake
24:23 Haunted locations are always dangerous. Are ghosts always dangerous?

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In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the mysterious absence of river deltas on Titan, Saturn’s largest moon. Despite having rivers of methane and ethane, a new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research Planets reveals that Titan is largely devoid of these geological features, raising intriguing questions about its unique processes and history. We discuss the implications of this finding and what it means for our understanding of Titan's climate and geological past.
Volcanic History of Mars
Next, we explore groundbreaking research from NASA's Perseverance rover, which has uncovered a diverse array of iron-rich volcanic rocks in Jezero Crater. This study, reported in Science Advances, provides fresh insights into Mars's geological history and its potential to have supported ancient life. The findings reveal complex volcanic processes that may have occurred on the Red Planet, enhancing our understanding of its habitability.
Rare Earth Metals in Exoplanet Atmosphere
Finally, we celebrate the discovery of rare Earth metals in the atmosphere of Kelt 9b, one of the hottest known exoplanets. Astronomers have detected vaporized elements such as sodium, magnesium, and the rare Earth metals scandium and yttrium, marking a significant milestone in exoplanet research. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding the atmospheres of distant worlds and their unique compositions.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Journal of Geophysical Research Planets
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21699356
Science Advances
https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv
Astronomy and Astrophysics
https://www.aanda.org/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 52 for broadcast on 30 April 2025
00:46 Scientists are looking for Titan's missing river deltas
06:02 NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover is analyzing Martian volcanic rocks
10:17 Astronomers have discovered rare Earth metals in the atmosphere of a hot exoplanet
17:58 People who were conceived during colder seasons store fat differently, study finds
20:25 YouTube is celebrating its 20th birthday with some interesting stats
22:16 Google to launch Android 16 three or four months earlier than Apple's iOS