SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

Dark Matter is a theoretical form of invisible mass, which has never been definitively detected. You've probably heard of it before, as it makes up a large part of the physics you find in textbooks. But how can something that's never been seen have so much scientific confidence behind it? Furthermore, if we can't see it, how do we know that it is really there? And if it's not, what are the alternative explanations? These are the questions we will be aiming to answer, as we delve into the Dark Matter mystery.

The soundtrack was created by SpaceWave - Cosmic Relaxation.Listen to the full 2-hour Soundtrack:

https://youtu.be/ZDjXSOkThzk

I listen to his ambient music while I write and was keen to bring him on board. Thank you SpaceWave!

Check out his Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3460Ylt4JEcEiW6PxCH9Q

CHAPTERS:

(00:00) Introduction

(01:53) What is Dark Matter?

(05:00) Signs of Missing Mass

(08:21) Lambda-Cold Dark Matter Model

(11:21) The Early Universe

(14:12) Dark Matter Structures

(20:22) The Bullet Cluster

(24:23) Weakly Interacting Massive Particles

(26:20) Search for Dark Matter

(31:00) Alternative Theories

(32:57) Modified Gravity

(35:31) Entropic Gravity

(38:06) Dark Energy?

Lately, there has been talk of a new largest black hole, named Phoenix A*, which is said to have a mass greater than 100 billion times the mass of the sun! This is much larger than the previous record holder, TON-618. But can we really rely on this prediction? And if not, then what is the largest black hole out there, and how do we know its true size? These are the questions we will answer in search of the universe's biggest black holes.

Soundtrack: CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823

- Old Radio Transmission: https://youtu.be/1O8to3C5rM4

- Oprahme: https://youtu.be/2nliN0RbIyw

- Long Relaxation Mix: https://youtu.be/8TRjdzXJ5-M

- The Earth is Screaming: https://youtu.be/38P0cv_0z5M

- Welcome to Somethink: https://youtu.be/R73ZWEDSiM4

- What’s Left: https://youtu.be/Qlp7DmhU1KM

- The Fallen Angel: https://youtu.be/U0YL-4yDKJM

- Watch My World Burn: https://youtu.be/ejMf7HtsYWw

- A Deep Digital Dream: https://youtu.be/Kou0UzcFd8Q

- Advanced Technology Mix: https://youtu.be/dG7J2HZYqpM

- A Slow End: https://youtu.be/FVbGDg-pjNE

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Start

01:50: Stellar Black Holes

05:00: Intermediate & Supermassive Black Holes

07:09: IC 1101*

09:39: TON-618

12:45: The Phoenix Cluster

15:34: Phoenix A

18:18: X-Ray Cavities & Eruptions

20:28: Phoenix A* Black Hole

22:26: Is Phoenix A* the Largest Black Hole?

25:33: Other Ultramassive Black Hole Candidates

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the oldest light in the universe that we can see or detect. It was emitted only 380,000 years after the universe was born, back when it was a much more chaotic place. This microwave-band static is fundamentally linked to the Big Bang, and if we map it precisely enough, we can discover a wealth of information about the age, composition and structure of the universe.

MUSIC:

- Deep Static: https://youtu.be/WB5jmdJvQeU

- Cosmic Microwave Background Noise: https://youtu.be/YkE8d2vrWI0

- I Knew My Way Downtown - Chris Zabriskie

- Everyone Will Notice, No One Will Say Anything - Chris Zabriskie

- You Fiddle, I'll Burn Rome - Chris Zabriskie

- God be with You til we Meet Again - Chris Zabriskie

- A Million Thoughts - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/nOSPuq64ORQ

- A Person That They Will All Fear - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/NccLZFUIxlM

- Haunted - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/T0WjL4phiuk

- We Can Rebuild Your World - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/pe_mx7YiPwMAll songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 License (re-use allowed)

I Made This While You Were Asleep (Album): https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.com/album/i-made-this-while-you-were-asleep

Chris Zabriskie's Website: https://www.chriszabriskie.com

CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Static

01:48: The Big Bang

04:58: The CMB: The Final Photons

08:16: History of Background Radiation Observations

10:58: Missions to Map the CMB (COBE, WMAP, Planck)

13:09: What Does the Map Show Us?

15:17: Cosmic Inflation

17:04: The Cold Spot

21:15: Hawking Points

26:17: The End?

Saturn's most distinguished feature are its brilliant, shining rings, which have intrigued astronomers since the 17th century. But in the 1980s, Voyagers 1 & 2 revealed to us that each of the large planets in the Solar System is home to a ring system, but each varies wildly in its composition, arrangement, and substantiality. In this video, we will explore the complex and elegant natural phenomenon that is planetary ring systems.

Music:

- Drifting at 432Hz | Unicorn Heads

- The Oceans Continue to Rise | Chris Zabriskie

- Passing a Foreign Moon | I Think I Can Help You

- The Five Books | I Think I Can Help You

- I Want To Fall in Love on Snapchat | Chris Zabriskie

- Nevada City | Huma Huma

- Open Sea Morning | Puddle of Infinity

Songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

All other songs were retrieved from the YouTube Audio Library

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Introduction

02:05: What is a Ring System?

04:31: How do Ring Systems Form?

08:03: The Rings of Saturn

11:58: The Rings of Uranus

13:43 Shepherd Moons

16:03 J1407b - Super Saturn Rings

What is the largest galaxy? For a long time, the largest was thought to be IC 110. But since 2022, there has been talk of a new, even larger galaxy, Alcyoneus, which is said to be more than 16 million light years in diameter! But is that what's really being proposed in the original paper detailing the discovery? Not exactly, because Alcyoneus is a Radio Galaxy. But what is a radio galaxy, and if Alcyoneus is not the largest galaxy, then how large really is it?

SOUNDTRACK:

All tracks by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

- Sound of the Sun: https://youtu.be/4u6Gt7NXlDE

- A World of Different Dimensions: https://youtu.be/g9vULHb_7mQ

- Your Outer World: https://youtu.be/OnZjKSQS9b0

- Travel Beyond Your Imagination: https://youtu.be/Z2XDR9N00Jo

- Create the Future: https://youtu.be/z9HM9VTnFDQ

CHAPTERS:

(00:00) What is the Largest Galaxy?

(02:02) Galaxies

(04:13) IC 1101

(06:32) Radio Galaxies

(12:31) Giant Radio Galaxies

(14:40) Alcyoneus, Largest Radio Galaxy

(18:39) Alcyoneus' Host Galaxy

(22:57) The Largest Galaxy- Some Considerations

(28:51) Closing Statements

Supernovae are some of the brightest and most powerful explosions in the universe, bright enough to outshine entire galaxies. These cosmic catastrophes come in many varieties, characterised by their elements and light. Today, we will cover the various types of supernova as we take a deep dive into these tremendous explosions.

SOUNDTRACK:

- Woodstock | Joni Mitchell: https://youtu.be/cRjQCvfcXn0

- Spenta Mainyu | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

- Access Astronomy Pt. 1 | CO.AG: https://youtu.be/6cBmmEH18ek

- Away | Patrick Patrikios (YouTube Audio Library)

- Orbiting Knowhere | Corbyn Kites (YouTube Audio Library)

- Guardian of the Threshold | I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)

- What Am I | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/DlqnuShotd8

- The End | Kyote Hearing (YouTube Audio Library)

- Attraction | Density & Time (YouTube Audio Library)

- The Four Masks | I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)

- Black Moon | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/uFatcfIA_oQ

- Magnetic Lullaby | Amulets (YouTube Audio Library)

- So Dark | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/FzMUeqp_Akg

- No. 8 Reqium | Esther Abrami (YouTube Audio Library) CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

CHAPTERS:

(00:00) Stardust

(01:58) What is a Supernova?

(04:41) Historic Supernovae Observations

(06:58) SN-1987A

(09:41) Classifying Supernovae

(12:00) Core Collapse Supernova

(18:40) Types of Core Collapse Supernovae

(21:35) Type 1a Supernova

(24:05) Standard Candles

(26:23) Kilonova

One of astronomy's great, enduring mysteries is what really happens on the inside of a black hole. We know that anything which gets too close to a black hole is destroyed, but if you were able to jump right inside of one, then what would happen and where would you go? Today, we will explore a few of the many exotic and fascinating possibilities for what lies on the other side of a black hole.

SOUNDTRACK:

- The Anunnaki Return | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

- Access Astronomy pt. 3 | CO.AG Music

- Access Astronomy pt. 5 | CO.AG Music

- Just Implants | CO.AG Music

- Where Have All the Cybertrackers Gone | Chris Zabriskie

- The Ambient | Kevin MacLeod (YouTube Audio Library)

- Cylinder Seven | Chris Zabriskie

- The Golden Present | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

All songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 License (reuse allowed). Chris Zabriskie's website: https://www.chriszabriskie.com

CHAPTERS:

(00:00) Introduction

(01:55) Bending Spacetime

(04:23) Inside a Black Hole

(05:42) Wormholes & Einstein-Rosen Bridges

(08:38) White Holes

(11:54) Schwarzschild Metric & the Eternal Black Hole

(13:29) Penrose Diagram

(15:48) The Case Against White Holes

(18:49) White Holes as New Universes

(21:29) Black Hole Cosmology

(24:49) Hawking Radiation & the Final Phase

The Milky Way is surrounded by more than 50 near neighbour galaxies that make up the Local Group. The two largest galaxies are us and Andromeda, but we also have an often-overlooked third large galaxy in our neighbourhood- the Triangulum Galaxy. This galaxy is like its own mini-Milky Way, containing stars, clouds, clusters, supernova remnants, and satellites. These are the checkpoints in the Triangulum Galaxy which make up our tour today.

SOUNDTRACK: All tracks made by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

- A Dark Path: https://youtu.be/ORk0p0thnWU

- Heart of This Ancient City: https://youtu.be/uUw8RqPVoDU

- Was This the End or Just the Beginning: https://youtu.be/6A0UHOhRxZc

- Build, Create, Beautify: https://youtu.be/-Aq8PUPlbxU

- As the Sun Sets at the Temple: https://youtu.be/xBqirbnidbI

- Northern Lights: https://youtu.be/CgzVDdNcGLo

- Post Apocalyptic: https://youtu.be/4l_PxLFbdHQ

- Dark Horror Long Version: https://youtu.be/r632JTHP0mM

- Moonlight Over Rome: https://youtu.be/Oj3niiEu05E

CHAPTERS:

(00:00) Introduction

(01:19) History of M-33

(04:50) Observations of M-33

(07:07) Morphology

(09:45) Satellite Galaxies

(11:43) H-II Regions

(14:34) NGC-604

(16:21) Resolving M-33's Stars

(20:13) Supernovae & Black Holes

(22:24) No Supermassive Black Hole?

(25:40) Future of the Local Group

The Andromeda Galaxy is our massive galactic neighbour, a spiral galaxy more than double the size of the Milky Way. In this video, we will be taking a journey, from this galaxy's ancient history, right up to its remote future- using the latest and most beautiful images to know our cosmic neighbour like never before. This is our journey to the Andromeda Galaxy...

Soundtrack by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

- Drifting Through Time: https://youtu.be/kVmCVk9NM3Q

- Wonderful Things: https://youtu.be/5fBOHzGRTRI

- Don't Fear Your Fears: https://youtu.be/8xme2NH5vEs

- Space: https://youtu.be/TIP8_SD5VDI

- Dreams: https://youtu.be/o3FJkyGRvk4

- Space Empires: https://youtu.be/kAvGZxtBzpw

- Thanks Everyone: https://youtu.be/00dPbEvyNMY

- Crystal Dream: https://youtu.be/4BHkReLzbBs

- 5500°C: https://youtu.be/Jr5-xFaiXp0

- Forever: https://youtu.be/TblP1MS9Z5w

- The Crystal Stream: https://youtu.be/yNxWUXK2pxo

CHAPTERS:

(00:00) Introduction

(01:19) Historical Observations of Andromeda

(05:25) The Great Debate

(08:12) Modern Efforts to Study Andromeda

(09:36) Road to Andromeda

(14:00) Andromeda's Satellites

(17:48) Inside the Andromeda Galaxy

(21:07) Worlds Inside Andromeda

(22:51) Black Holes in Andromeda

(25:00) Andromeda's Blueshift

(27:32) Collision with the Milky Way

(31:07) Milkomeda

On the darkest of nights, free from the glow of the moon and the haze of light pollution, a stunning, striking formation can be seen imprinted upon the sky. That imprint is our galaxy- the Milky Way. Our galaxy is a giant, which extends for hundreds of thousands of light years. But by measuring the motions and velocities of the stars in our neighbourhood, both their past and future trajectories can be extrapolated- revealing the history of the Milky Way.

SOUNDTRACK: Music by Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/

- Aurora: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/aurora/

- Petrichor: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/petrichor/

- In Search of Solitude: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/in-search-of-solitude/

- Decoherence: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/decoherence/

- The Things That Keep Us Here: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/the-things-that-keep-us-here/

CHAPTERS:

(00:00) Welcome

(01:49) Our Home Galaxy

(04:37) Mapping the Milky Way

(07:20) Globular Clusters

(09:14) Kraken

(11:00) Gaia-Enceladus

(13:30) NGC-2808

(15:17) Omega Centauri

(16:17) The Sequoia Galaxy

(18:11) The Helmi Stream

(20:32) Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy

(23:55) Conclusion