SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

Of all the spacecraft to have visited other worlds, there are two which have travelled further than any other, discovering more about the Solar System than their inventors ever could have imagined. They are the legendary pair of Voyager Probes- still the only spacecraft ever to have visited the Ice Giant planets, Uranus and Neptune. The story of their 40 years in space makes up the topic of our video today- from the gas giants, to the ice worlds, and then out into the depths of interstellar space...

SOUNDTRACK:

- Just a Shadow | CO.AG Music (https://youtu.be/pRDzXIV5yKg?si=Z4ooBaD1wZmV_Y7B)

- Deep Sleep | Amber Waldron (Storyblocks)

- Beyond This Earth to the Stars | CO.AG Music

(https://youtu.be/aPQl1d96_Bk?si=sLbl_gG8oqhcwuW0)

- Contemplative | Amber Waldron (Storyblocks)

- Spa Go | Gushito (Storyblocks)

- Descend Into Horror 5 | CO.AG Music

(https://youtu.be/Ev49l2ZGFmg?si=Cj4CUoob2wRCjSaQ)

- Guitar Drone Meditation | Humans Win (Storyblocks)

- SpaceShip | Jayson Wayne Brown (Storyblocks)

CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic

CHAPTERS

00:00: Welcome Back

01:31: The Grand Tour

06:00: Voyager-1's Gas Giants Mission

09:40: Voyager-1's Titan Flyby

12:27: The Pale Blue Dot

14:30 Voyager-2's Gas Giant Mission

18:15: Voyager-2's Uranus Encounter

21:24: Voyager-2's Neptune Encounter

25:00: Exiting the Heliosphere

29:19: The Interstellar Mission

34:04: One Final World... (Pluto)

37:05: New Horizons Kuiper Belt Mission

42:48: An Unconventional Signature...

From studying the dusty surface of Mars, to plunging into the atmosphere of Venus, over the last 60 years, we've launched hundreds of probes into space on trajectories to visit each of the terrestrial planets. But for all the fascinating discoveries made on the way, humanity's journey towards the stars started out in a much darker place- a battlefront between the world's then two great competing superpowers. And in this first episode on my new series on probes, we will revisit this space race, and the major milestones on route to visiting each of the terrestrial planets.

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Introduction

02:32: The Space Race

04:48: Pioneer Probes

07:32: Mariner Probes

09:55: Mariner 4 Mars Mission

12:27: Mariner 6 & 7

14:27: Mars Orbiters

17:05: Landing on Mars

18:57: Landing on Venus

21:30: The Viking Probes

26:12: Mercury Missions

33:00: Mars Rover Missions

38:16: To be Continued...

Earth is a success story, a thriving world that has hosted life for almost 4 billion years. But, no matter how peaceful things are now, a new age is coming for the Solar System. An age of change, destruction and evolution. A place for new worlds and new stories, but one in which the Earth has no place.

MUSIC:

- Dreamscape - Density & Time

- The Unknown - CO.AG Music - https://youtu.be/IFYTGVE1aRs

- Sunrise on Mars - Audionautix

- As Prevent You Do - pATCHES

- At the Foot of the Sphinx - Twin Musicom

- It Maintains, Eyes Change - Puddle of Infinity

- Growing Space - Astron

- The Blue Pearl - Jesse Gallagher

- Kallimachou - Dan Bodan

Sunrise on Mars by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Artist: http://audionautix.com/

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Welcome Back

00:15: The Next Billion Years

06:10: Milkdromeda Collision

08:03: The Red Giant Branch

13:12: Habitable Moons

16:27: Titan

21:00: Titan's Prospects for Life

23:24: Horizontal and Asymptotic Giant Branch

26:52: The White Dwarf Sun

29:19: The Solar System's Last Day

The Solar System is vast and diverse, home to eight large planets, including one which gave rise to life. While humanity was born too late to witness the events that occurred at the birth of the Solar System first-hand, by peering into the surroundings of others stars, we are starting to piece together the events that unfolded at the birth of our own Solar System. Today, we shall explore the culmination of these decades of research, as we tell the story of the birth of the Solar System.

MUSIC:

- In the Throes - Asher Fulero

- Song of Sadhana - Jesse Gallagher

- Lord of the Dawn - Jesse Gallagher

- Cylinder Three - Chris Zabriskie

- Let Your Enemies Feel the Weight of Your Burdens - Chris Zabriskie

- Lost Kingdom - CO.AG Music

- Underwater Exploration - Godmode

- The Sky is on Fire - CO.AG

- I Am Running a Marathon - Chris Zabriskie

- Somnolent - The TidesCO.AG's can be found on his YouTube channel:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvAAll songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution License.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Introduction

01:11: The Solar System

04:44: The Nebular Hypothesis

07:27: Star Formation

11:54: Planetary Formation Window

18:20: The Story of the Solar System

21:34: Rise of the Gas Giants

25:23: The Terrestrial Planets

30:46: Three Water Worlds

On December 25th, 2021, NASA's most sophisticated, ground-breaking and expensive observatory ever blasted off from the Earth. The James Webb Telescope is an infrared observatory, capable of looking back all the way to the universe's first light. In this video, we will explore how this initiative came to be, and what the future holds in this exciting new age of astronomy.

SOUNDTRACK:

- Valhalla [Long Version] - CO.AG Music

- Show Me the New Way - CO.AG Music

- The Deep [Long Version] - CO.AG Music

- I Am Blessed - CO.AG Music

- Is This The Way It Ends - CO.AG Music

- The Young & Old Know Love - Puddle of Infinity (YouTube Audio Library)

CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Lift-off!

01:39: Background

03:55: Webb's Troubled Development

08:17: Webb's Mirrors

10:48: Surveying in Infrared

13:51: Webb's Sunshield & Orbit

16:52: Deployment Phase

22:06: The Cosmic Dawn

24:14: Light from the First Stars

28:02: Search for Habitable Exoplanets

30:46: Other Uses for Webb

Black holes are fascinating in so many ways- especially when you put two of them together. Their resonance and orbit physically ripples space itself, emitting waves that can travel through space for billions of years. Since 2016, we have been able to detect these gravitational wave events, and earlier this month, we detected a record-breaking one.

SOUNDTRACK:

- Wander - Emitt Fenn (YouTube Audio Library)

- A Slow Dream - Emily A. Sprague (YouTube Audio Library)

- Nexus Dawn - CO.AG: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTrZx2KM6JA&t

- Last Night I Dreamt I Saw True Love In Your Eyes - Chris Zabriskie: https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie/last-night-i-dreamt-i-saw-true

- Passing a Foreign Moon - I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)

- Thin Places - Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

- Running Out of Time - CO.AG: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P13lnycYaeI

- Sound of the Earth EM White Noise: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QB2AK-odioc

CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

All tracks by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Introduction

01:08: What is a Black Hole?

04:07: Types of Black Hole

05:26: Misconceptions About Black Holes

08:46: Anatomy of Black Holes

12:26: Inside the Black Hole

14:09: Intermediate Mass Black Holes

15:17: Black Hole Mergers

17:09: Gravitational Wave Signals

19:12: The Pair Instability Gap

23:03: The Big Crunch

The Solar System is home to eight principal planets, but this is far from the full picture. Hidden beyond the orbit of Neptune are dozens of small, icy worlds, known as Dwarf Planets, or Minor Planets! The best example is Pluto, but there are dozens more orbiting within the same band of material in the outer Solar System. Today, we will visit these frozen, far out worlds first hand.

MUSIC:

- Mist - Odonis Odonis

- Lucid Haze - Amulets 

- Shallow Depths - jAde Wii 

- At the Foot of the Sphinx - Twin Musicom 

- Length of Light - Amulets 

- Crystaline - Amulets 

- Doll Dancing - Puddle of Infinity 

- I Am Running Down the Long Hallway - Chris Zabriskie

- Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring - Kevin MacLeod

At the Foot of the Sphinx by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/

I Am Running Down the Long Hallway of Viewmont Elementary by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/honor/

Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100189

Artist: http://incompetech.com/

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Introduction

01:52: Minor Planets 

05:34: Ceres 

09:15: The Kuiper Belt 

11:49: Pluto

16:43: Why the IAU Demoted Pluto 

17:46: Eris 

20:17: Haumea 

22:08: Makemake 

24:24: Arrokoth

What lies at the edge of the Solar System? Far beyond the orbit of Neptune and the Kuiper Belt, deep into interstellar space, we find a vast, thick shell of icy space debris. We have never seen it directly, but we know it exists- because it is the source of the most distant comets that we see entering the Solar System. So why is it there? Today we'll find out.

All background songs in this video were sourced from the royalty and attribution-free YouTube Audio Library.

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Introduction

02:01: The Oort Cloud

05:18: The Scale of the Cloud

06:47: Formation of the Oort Cloud

09:33: The Source of All Comets

13:17: The Hills Cloud

14:40: Sedna

16:12: The Outer Oort Cloud

17:13: Siding Spring, Hale Bopp, Lovejoy

19:20: Future Missions to the Oort Cloud

21:46: Extra-solar Oort Clouds

Most large planets have moons. We have discovered almost 200 in our Solar System alone, and so we expect that the Milky Way is teeming with many more- perhaps even outnumbering planets and stars. With so many moons, it adds a plethora of additional holdouts in the galaxy capable of supporting life, and thus they are tantalising targets for scientists. However, extra-Solar moons are so insanely distant and dark against the backdrop of space, that them is a tremendous challenge. In this episode, we will cover its story so far.

SOUNDTRACK:

- Satya Yuga | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

- The Sleeping Prophet | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

- Where in Literally | pATCHES (YouTube Audio Library)

- The Golden Present | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Introduction

01:09: Exomoons

04:26: How We Find Exomoons

08:53: Kepler 1625 b-i

13:28: Other Exomoon Candidates

Europa is a fascinating moon, which is thought to be hiding a global ocean below its frozen surface. This makes it a hotspot for research and missions, with the ultimate goal being to identify an independent life source. In this video, we will go over this iconic satellite of Jupiter by the numbers, as we blow its perplexing mysteries wide open.

All background music came from the Royalty-Free & Attribution-Free YouTube Audio Library

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Introduction

00:58: Facts About Europa 

04:22: Europa’s Ice Sheet

06:52: Missions to Europa

09:29: The Subsurface Ocean

11:19: Tidal Heating 

13:44: Europa's Prospects for Life 

18:15: Future Missions to Europa