Charles Ostman explores nanotechnology and how molecular engineering will transform civilization through capabilities to manufacture at atomic scale. His expertise in emerging technologies reveals how nanotechnology will enable creation of materials and devices with properties impossible using conventional manufacturing methods. Ostman discusses the timeline for nanotechnology development and when molecular manufacturing might become practical reality capable of producing revolutionary products. The conversation covers applications from medicine to manufacturing and how nanotechnology could enable everything from targeted drug delivery to self-replicating machines that manufacture products from raw atoms. He examines the implications of molecular manufacturing for economics and how ability to create products at near-zero marginal cost could transform or destroy conventional economic systems. Ostman addresses potential dangers from nanotechnology including gray goo scenarios where self-replicating nanomachines consume all available matter, accidentally converting Earth into undifferentiated replicators. His analysis reveals how nanotechnology represents both tremendous promise and existential risk depending on how the technology is developed and controlled. The discussion explores what nanotechnology might mean for human enhancement and how molecular machines could extend lifespan, enhance cognition, and transform human capabilities beyond current biological limits. Ostman examines who will control nanotechnology and whether such powerful capabilities will be widely distributed or monopolized by governments and corporations. His presentation demonstrates how nanotechnology represents the next major technological revolution with potential to either liberate or enslave humanity depending on how development proceeds and who controls the resulting capabilities.