SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 41
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Mysterious Red Sprite Lightning, Shocking Spherules on Mars, and a New Geological Map of the Asteroid Belt
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the breathtaking phenomenon of red sprite lightning captured over the Himalayas. Chinese astrophotographers documented over 100 of these rare electrical discharges, revealing insights into the complex thunderstorms of the region. We discuss the mechanisms behind these sprites and their implications for understanding upper atmospheric phenomena.
Shocking Discoveries on Mars
Next, we turn our attention to Mars, where NASA's Perseverance rover has uncovered a strange rock formation composed of hundreds of millimeter-sized spheres. This unexpected discovery raises questions about the geological processes that could create such features, prompting scientists to investigate their origins and significance for Mars' geological history.
New Geological Map of the Asteroid Belt
Additionally, we delve into a new geological map of the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, which has been developed to enhance our understanding of meteorite origins and planetary defense. This groundbreaking work traces the impact orbits of meteorites, providing a clearer picture of how asteroid collisions contribute to the debris we observe on Earth.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 41 for broadcast on 4 April 2025
00:49 Capturing red sprite lightning over the Himalayas
06:30 Mechanisms behind the upper atmospheric electrical discharges
12:15 Discovery of strange spherules on Mars
18:00 Implications for Martian geology and history
22:45 New geological map of the asteroid belt
27:00 Summary of recent astronomical findings
30:15 Skywatch: Highlights of April night skies
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✍️ Episode References
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
https://www.springer.com/journal/13274
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Meteoritics and Planetary Science
https://www.mps-journal.org/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 Scientists have captured rare images of red sprite lightning high above thunderstorms
05:20 The Mars Perseverance rover has discovered a strange rock composed of spheres
08:41 Knowing from what asteroid debris field meteorites originate is important for planetary defense efforts
14:10 April is Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Month, and so consider adopting pets
19:16 The Southern Cross is considered an important constellation for navigation
30:17 The Southern Cross appears to have four main stars and they make up shape
32:37 Brightness does not equate with distance; you've got to dig deeper
33:17 Canopus is the second brightest star in the night sky
36:36 Is that why the moon looks bigger on the horizon than it does high up
37:58 Take a look at Jupiter with a pair of binoculars
39:19 You need to be up before dawn to see Saturn, Mercury and Venus

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 40
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Largest Organic Molecule Discovered on Mars, Parker Solar Probe's Close Encounter with the Sun, and New Insights into Earth's Formation
In this episode of SpaceTime, we discuss the remarkable discovery made by NASA's Curiosity Rover, which has identified the largest organic molecules ever found on Mars. These molecules, potentially remnants of fatty acids, suggest that prebiotic chemistry may have progressed further on the Red Planet than previously thought. We delve into the implications of these findings for future Mars sample return missions and the search for signs of past life.
Parker Solar Probe's Record-Breaking Philip
We also cover the Parker Solar Probe's successful close encounter with the Sun, where it reached an unprecedented distance of just 6.1 million kilometers from the solar surface. This flyby allowed for unique scientific observations of the Sun's corona and solar wind, providing crucial data that can enhance our understanding of solar phenomena and their impact on space weather.
New Insights into Earth's Early Formation
Additionally, we explore a groundbreaking study that challenges existing assumptions about the formation of Earth's lower mantle. Researchers have found evidence suggesting that the dynamics of Earth's early formation may have involved low-pressure crystallization, altering our understanding of how terrestrial planets evolve.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 40 for broadcast on 2 April 2025
00:49 Discovery of largest organic molecules on Mars
06:30 Implications for prebiotic chemistry and sample return missions
12:15 Parker Solar Probe's record-setting solar encounter
18:00 Observations of the Sun's corona and solar wind
22:45 New insights into Earth's lower mantle formation
27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments
30:15 Discussion on healthy aging and dietary patterns
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✍️ Episode References
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
https://www.pnas.org/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Nature
https://www.nature.com/
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 39
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Moon's Oldest Impact Crater Dated, NASA's Punch Mission Launches, and Europe's First Orbital Rocket Countdown
In this episode of SpaceTime, we reveal groundbreaking findings that pinpoint the age of the Moon's oldest and largest impact crater, the Aitken Basin. Recent analysis of lunar regolith collected by China's Chang'e 6 mission indicates that this massive structure was formed approximately 4.25 billion years ago by a colossal asteroid impact. We discuss how this discovery enhances our understanding of the Moon's geological history and its role in the solar system's evolution.
NASA's Punch Mission
We also cover the successful launch of NASA's Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission, which is now in orbit and entering its commissioning phase. This innovative mission aims to make 3D observations of the Sun's corona and its transformation into solar wind, providing vital data to improve space weather predictions and protect our technology from solar storms.
Countdown for Europe's First Orbital Rocket Launch
Additionally, we discuss the countdown for mainland Europe's first orbital rocket launch, a significant milestone for the European space economy. The launch of the Spectrum rocket by ISA Aerospace from Norway's Andoya spaceport is poised to mark a new era in European space exploration, especially following recent setbacks due to geopolitical challenges and delays in existing launch systems.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 39 for broadcast on 31 March 2025
00:49 Dating the Moon's Aitken Basin
06:30 Analysis of lunar samples from Chang'e 6 mission
12:15 Overview of NASA's Punch mission and its objectives
18:00 Implications of solar wind studies for space weather prediction
22:45 Countdown for Europe's first orbital rocket launch
27:00 Summary of recent space exploration developments
30:15 Discussion on the impact of microplastics on photosynthesis
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✍️ Episode References
National Science Review
https://www.nature.com/nsr/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
ISA Aerospace
https://www.isa-aerospace.com/
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 38
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Deep Insights into the Dark Universe, China's Lunar Ambitions, and NASA's New Aurora Mission
In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the latest findings from the European Space Agency's Euclid mission, which is shedding light on the mysterious force of dark energy and how it accelerates the universe's expansion. The recently released data reveals stunning images of billions of galaxies, providing crucial insights into the nature of dark energy and its effect on cosmic history. We discuss the mission's ambitious goals and how it aims to create detailed three-dimensional maps of the universe.
China's Lunar Plans
We also explore China's exciting announcement that it plans to land its first crewed mission on the Moon by 2030. With advancements in technology and infrastructure, including the Long March 10 rocket and the Mengzhou manned spacecraft, China is set to embark on a historic lunar exploration journey, aiming to establish a permanent base in collaboration with Russia.
NASA's Aurora Study
Additionally, we cover NASA's recent launch of the Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZI), designed to study the Earth's auroras from orbit. This innovative mission will map powerful electric currents in the upper atmosphere, enhancing our understanding of space weather and the interactions between solar storms and the Earth's magnetic field.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 38 for broadcast on 28 March 2025
00:49 Insights from the Euclid mission on dark energy
06:30 Analysis of the newly released data and its implications
12:15 Overview of China's lunar ambitions and mission details
18:00 NASA's EZI mission to study auroras
22:45 Discussion on the impact of solar storms on the Earth's atmosphere
27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments
30:15 Insights into health risks associated with marriage
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✍️ Episode References
European Space Agency
https://www.esa.int/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Chinese National Space Administration
http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
00:00 European Space Agency's Euclid mission releases new data on dark energy
05:29 The Euclid Space Telescope is building the largest cosmic atlas ever made
10:26 A new NASA mission to study Earth's aurora lights has launched into orbit
12:02 A new study claims married men are three times more likely to be obese
13:35 A new study has found that Carnaby's cocksatoo lives 35 years
15:13 Seven West Media Network dumped nightly astrology spot to boost ratings

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 37
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Exciting New Exoplanet Discovery, Evolving Dark Energy, and Insights into the Moon's Magnetic Field
In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the discovery of a potential new exoplanet, TOI 2818C, located over a thousand light years away in the constellation Papus. This intriguing planetary candidate is estimated to be 10 to 16 times the size of Earth and orbits its host star in less than 16 Earth days. We delve into the innovative transit timing variations method employed by astronomers, which revealed the presence of this companion planet alongside the hot Jupiter TOI 2818b, and discuss the implications for our understanding of planetary formation in hot Jupiter systems.
Dark Energy's Mysterious Evolution
We also explore a groundbreaking study suggesting that dark energy may be evolving over cosmic time scales. Utilizing data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), scientists are piecing together the largest three-dimensional map of the universe, revealing hints that dark energy's influence could be changing. This discovery could challenge current cosmological models and reshape our understanding of the universe's fate.
Dynamic Lunar Magnetic Field
Additionally, we examine findings from China's Chang'e 6 mission, which indicate that the Moon's magnetic field has been more dynamic and lasted longer than previously thought. The analysis of lunar samples reveals a resurgence of the magnetic field around 2.8 billion years ago, suggesting that the Moon's interior remains geologically active, challenging earlier beliefs about its magnetic history.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 37 for broadcast on 26 March 2025
00:49 Discovery of exoplanet TOI 2818C
06:30 Transit timing variations method explained
12:15 Implications for hot Jupiter planetary systems
18:00 Evolving dark energy and the DESI findings
22:45 Insights into the Moon's magnetic field dynamics
27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries
30:15 Discussion on the health impacts of sugary beverages
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✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
https://www.desi.lbl.gov/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 36
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Space Tornadoes Discovered in the Milky Way's Core, SpaceX's Starship to Undertake a Mission to Mars Next Year, and Stranded Astronauts Finally Return Home After Nine Months in Space
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the astonishing discovery of enormous space tornadoes swirling in the Milky Way's central core. Astronomers have unveiled these spectacular formations, detected using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), which reveal the dynamic processes surrounding the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. We discuss the implications of this find for our understanding of the galaxy's central molecular zone and the mechanisms driving material circulation within it.
SpaceX's Ambitious Mars Mission
We also cover SpaceX's plans for its Starship rocket, which is set to undertake its first mission to Mars next year. Elon Musk outlines the ambitious timeline for human colonization of the red planet, with unmanned missions paving the way for human exploration as early as 2029. We delve into the current status of the Starship program and its significance for future lunar and Martian endeavors.
Return of Stranded Astronauts
Additionally, we celebrate the safe return of NASA astronauts who were stranded aboard the International Space Station for nine months due to delays with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft. The crew's return aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule marks the end of a dramatic saga that began with Starliner's initial launch. We recount the challenges faced by the astronauts and the implications for future crewed missions.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 36 for broadcast on 24 March 2025
00:49 Discovery of space tornadoes in the Milky Way
06:30 Implications for the central molecular zone
12:15 Overview of SpaceX's Mars mission plans
18:00 Status of the Starship program and its future
22:45 Return of stranded astronauts from the ISS
27:00 Summary of recent space exploration developments
30:15 Discussion on the impact of sleep patterns on mental health
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✍️ Episode References
Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
https://www.aanda.org/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
SpaceX
https://www.spacex.com
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 35
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Discovery of a New Planetary System, Stable Trio of Icy Worlds in the Kuiper Belt, and the Fascinating Concept of White Holes
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the groundbreaking discovery of a nearby planetary system orbiting Barnard's Star, the second closest star system to the Sun. Located just 5.96 light years away, this system comprises four small planets, each 20 to 30% the mass of Earth, revealing new insights into the potential for life beyond our solar system. We discuss the significance of these findings and the advanced techniques used to confirm their existence, including the innovative Maroon X instrument.
Exploring the Kuiper Belt
We also explore the remarkable discovery of a stable trio of small frozen worlds in the Kuiper Belt, cataloged as the Algiera system. This intriguing find, made using data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck Observatory, could potentially be only the second three-body system identified in this remote region, challenging existing theories about how such formations occur.
Theoretical White Holes
Additionally, we dive into the fascinating hypothesis suggesting that black holes may transition into white holes, ejecting matter and energy back into the universe. This revolutionary idea, rooted in quantum mechanics, opens up new possibilities for understanding the nature of black holes and the fundamental workings of the universe.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 35 for broadcast on 21 March 2025
00:49 Discovery of a planetary system around Barnard's Star
06:30 Significance of the findings and the Maroon X instrument
12:15 Overview of the Algiera system in the Kuiper Belt
18:00 Implications for our understanding of Kuiper Belt objects
22:45 Theoretical concepts of white holes and their significance
27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries
30:15 Discussion on health risks associated with slushy drinks
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✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal Letters
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205
Planetary Science Journal
https://www.springer.com/journal/11038
Physical Review Letters
https://journals.aps.org/prl/
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 34
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Supernovae's Role in Mass Extinctions, NASA's Stellar Mapping Mission, and New Moons of Saturn
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore a fascinating new study suggesting that nearby supernovae could have triggered at least two of Earth's mass extinction events. These violent stellar explosions may have stripped away the ozone layer, exposing life to harmful ultraviolet radiation and leading to significant ecological upheaval. We delve into the implications of these findings and how they reshape our understanding of Earth's history.
Nasa's SPHEREx Mission
We also discuss NASA's successful launch of the SPHEREx mission, designed to map the entire celestial sky in unprecedented detail. This mission aims to create a three-dimensional map of over 450 million galaxies, utilizing advanced spectroscopy techniques to analyze infrared light and uncover the mysteries of cosmic inflation and the ingredients necessary for life.
Saturn's Expanding Moon Family
Additionally, astronomers have made an exciting discovery of 128 new moons orbiting Saturn, bringing its total to 274. These tiny moonlets, likely remnants of larger captured moons, offer insights into the history and evolution of the Saturnian system.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 34 for broadcast on 19 March 2025
00:49 Supernovae and mass extinction events
06:30 The role of supernovae in Earth's history
12:15 Overview of NASA's SPHEREx mission
18:00 Spectroscopy and cosmic inflation studies
22:45 Discovery of new moons around Saturn
27:00 Summary of recent astronomical findings
30:15 Discussion on dietary changes in Australia by 2030
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✍️ Episode References
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
https://academic.oup.com/mnras
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Planetary Science Journal
https://www.planetarysciencejournal.com/
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 33
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
World's Oldest Meteor Impact Crater, Water Ice on the Moon, and the Secretive X37B Shuttle Returns
In this episode of SpaceTime, we unveil the discovery of the world's oldest known meteor impact crater located in Western Australia. This ancient structure, dating back 3.5 billion years, was identified in the Pilbara region and challenges previous notions about Earth's geological history and the origins of life. We discuss the implications of this significant find, including its potential to reshape our understanding of crust formation and the environments conducive to early microbial life.
Water Ice on the Moon
We also delve into exciting new research suggesting that water ice may be found just centimeters below the lunar surface across a much larger area of the Moon's polar regions than previously believed. Based on observations from India's Chandrayaan 3 mission, these findings could greatly influence future lunar exploration and habitation efforts, highlighting the potential for accessible sources of water ice.
The X37B Space Shuttle's Secret Mission
Additionally, we cover the return of the United States Space Force's X37B space shuttle after a classified 434-day mission. The shuttle's successful landing at Vandenberg Space Force Base marks another milestone in its ongoing operations, which include specialized testing and reconnaissance in orbit. We explore the implications of this mission for national security and the future of space operations.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 33 for broadcast on 17 March 2025
00:49 Discovery of the world's oldest meteor impact crater
06:30 Implications for Earth's geological history
12:15 Overview of potential water ice locations on the Moon
18:00 Findings from the Chandrayaan 3 mission
22:45 Return of the X37B space shuttle
27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments
30:15 Discussion on advancements in HIV prevention
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✍️ Episode References
Nature Communications
https://www.nature.com/naturecommunications/
Communications Earth and Environment
https://www.nature.com/commsenv/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 32
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Martian Minerals Indicating Ancient Life, World's Most Powerful Gamma Ray Observatory, and Ariane 6 Rocket Operations Begin
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking findings from NASA's Perseverance rover, which has discovered unusual rocks on Mars' Jezero crater rim, hinting at the possibility of ancient life. The rocks, rich in kaolinite, typically form in warm, wet environments, suggesting that Mars may have once hosted conditions suitable for life. We delve into the implications of these findings and what they reveal about the planet's watery past.
Advancements in Gamma Ray Astronomy
We also discuss the European Commission's green light for the construction of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, projected to become the world's most powerful gamma ray observatory. This ambitious project aims to vastly expand our understanding of high-energy astronomical phenomena, potentially revealing the origins of gamma rays and their impact on galaxy formation and evolution.
Europe's New Rocket Era
Additionally, we celebrate the successful launch of Europe's new Ariane 6 rocket, marking a significant milestone in the continent's space capabilities. This mission, which deployed the French CSO 3 reconnaissance satellite, signifies a return to independent access to space for Europe, following a series of delays and challenges.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 32 for broadcast on 14 March 2025
00:49 Discovery of kaolinite rocks on Mars
06:30 Implications for ancient Martian life
12:15 Overview of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
18:00 Advancements in gamma ray astronomy
22:45 Successful launch of the Ariane 6 rocket
27:00 Summary of significant scientific developments
30:15 Discussion on recent studies in environmental science
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✍️ Episode References
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Communications Earth and Environment
https://www.nature.com/commsenv/
Geology
https://www.geosociety.org/geoabstracts/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.