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In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing phenomena of coronal holes on the Sun and their significant impact on space weather. A new study published in Scientific Reports reveals how these magnetic windows are launching supersonic solar wind streams into the heliosphere, providing crucial insights for future solar monitoring missions like ESA's Vigil. We discuss the dangers posed by solar storms to Earth's infrastructure and how advanced forecasting can mitigate these risks.
Watery Past of Mars
Next, we uncover exciting findings from NASA's Perseverance rover, which suggest that Mars once had widespread water, as indicated by the presence of calcium sulfate minerals. Utilizing innovative X-ray backscattered diffraction techniques, scientists are piecing together the planet's geological history and its potential for past life.
NASA's Lucy Mission Success
Finally, we celebrate the successful flyby of the main belt asteroid Donaldjohanson by NASA's Lucy spacecraft. Captured images reveal its unique potato-like shape and complex geology, shedding light on the building blocks of our solar system. With future encounters on the horizon, Lucy aims to enhance our understanding of planetary formation.

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✍️ Episode References
Scientific Reports
https://www.nature.com/srep
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we unveil groundbreaking evidence that challenges previously held theories about the origins of Earth's water. Recent findings published in the journal Icarus indicate that rather than being delivered by asteroids and comets, Earth's water may have formed alongside the planet itself. The study utilizes a unique meteorite known as the enstatite chondrite to reveal a rich source of hydrogen essential for water formation, reshaping our understanding of how life-sustaining conditions developed on Earth.
The Enigmatic Magnetic Field of Mars
Next, we delve into the curious case of Mars's magnetic field, which has puzzled scientists for decades. A new study suggests that the strange magnetic signatures observed on the Red Planet could be attributed to a partially molten core predominantly covering the southern hemisphere. This research provides fresh insights into Mars's geological history and the implications for its atmospheric evolution, as the planet transitioned from a warm, wet environment to the arid desert we see today.
The Lyrids Meteor Shower
Additionally, we celebrate one of humanity's oldest known meteor showers, the Lyrids, which are currently dazzling skywatchers. First recorded over 2,700 years ago, these meteors originate from comet Thatcher and promise a beautiful celestial display. Although not as prolific as other meteor showers, the Lyrids offer a captivating spectacle for stargazers, with expectations of 10 to 15 meteors per hour during peak viewing times.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 50 for broadcast on 25 April 2025
00:49 New evidence on the origins of Earth's water
06:30 Analysis of the enstatite chondrite meteorite
12:15 The mystery of Mars's magnetic field
18:00 Implications of a partially molten Martian core
22:45 Overview of the Lyrids meteor shower
27:00 Summary of recent astronomical findings
30:15 Science report: Health risks linked to food additives
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✍️ Episode References
Icarus
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/icarus
Geophysical Research Letters
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19449224
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/
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This episode is brought to you with the support of  our sponsors, NordVPN and Incogni. To get your special NordVPN disvcount visit www.nordvpn.com/spacetime
and your Incogni deal at www.incogni.com/spacetime. Both offers come with a 30 day money back guarantee! Support the show and check them out....recommended and used by the team here at SpaceTime.
NASA's Lucy Mission, Neutrino Mass Breakthrough, and Martian Rock Discoveries
In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into NASA's Lucy spacecraft as it prepares for a close flyby of the asteroid Donaldjohanson, located in the main asteroid belt. The spacecraft will autonomously track and observe this 3km wide space rock, gathering crucial data that could shed light on its peculiar formation and geological history. This encounter serves as a vital rehearsal for Lucy's upcoming mission to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, promising insights into the early solar system.
A New Upper Limit for Neutrino Mass
Next, we discuss a groundbreaking study that has established a new upper limit for the mass of the elusive neutrino, now determined to be less than 0.45 electron volts. This significant finding not only narrows the particle's mass range but also challenges existing theories in particle physics, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe's fundamental forces.
Intriguing Martian Richie Outcrops
Additionally, we explore the fascinating discoveries made by NASA's Mars Perseverance rover on the rim of Jezero Crater. The rover has uncovered a diverse array of rock types, providing a unique glimpse into Martian history and the planet's potential for past habitability. With multiple rock samples collected and analyzed, Perseverance continues to unveil the geological secrets of the Red Planet.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 49 for broadcast on 23 April 2025
00:49 Lucy spacecraft's close encounter with asteroid Donaldjohanson
06:30 Insights into the asteroid's formation and geology
12:15 New upper limit established for neutrino mass
18:00 Implications for particle physics and the standard model
22:45 Mars Perseverance rover's discoveries on Jezero Crater
27:00 Summary of recent planetary exploration findings
30:15 Science report: Weather extremes and lab-grown chicken nuggets
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✍️ Episode References
Science Journal
https://www.science.org
Planetary Science Journal
https://www.planetarysciencereview.com
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Hints of Alien Life, a Galactic Mystery, and Juno's Safe Mode Incident
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking revelations suggesting the potential for alien life beyond Earth. Using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have detected chemical signatures of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide in the atmosphere of the exoplanet K2 18 b, a sub-Neptune world located 124 light years away in the habitable zone of its host star. While these findings are incredibly promising, researchers urge caution as they work to confirm these biosignatures through further observations.
A Surprising Spiral Galaxy from the Early Universe
Next, we dive into the discovery of a surprisingly large spiral galaxy dating back 11.4 billion years, which challenges current models of galaxy formation. This massive galaxy, dubbed the "Big Wheel," is three times larger than expected for its time, prompting astronomers to rethink how galaxies can grow and evolve in the early universe. The implications of this finding could reshape our understanding of cosmic structure and formation processes.
NASA's Juno Spacecraft in Safe Mode
Additionally, we discuss a recent anomaly that forced NASA's Juno spacecraft to enter safe mode during a close flyby of Jupiter. The spacecraft's precautionary measures allowed it to protect its systems and continue diagnostics, ensuring the mission's ongoing success as it gathers vital data about the gas giant and its moons.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 48 for broadcast on 21 April 2025
00:49 Potential biosignatures detected on K2 18 b
06:30 Implications for the search for extraterrestrial life
12:15 Discovery of an ancient spiral galaxy in the early universe
18:00 Challenges to current galaxy formation models
22:45 Juno spacecraft enters safe mode after anomaly
27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries
30:15 Science report: Health benefits of sauerkraut and lunar dust solar panels
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✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal Letters
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X
Nature Astronomy
https://www.nature.com/nature-astronomy/
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
https://aem.asm.org/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Exploring Uranus's Rotational Secrets, New Crew at the ISS, and the Dangers of Space Travel
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking measurements of Uranus's rotational rate, achieved with unprecedented accuracy by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. This new technique, which analyzed over a decade of observations of the planet's auroras, provides essential insights into Uranus's complex atmosphere and magnetic field, establishing a vital reference point for future planetary studies.
A New Crew Arrives at the International Space Station
Next, we cover the arrival of a new crew aboard the International Space Station, as the Russian Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft successfully docks with the orbiting outpost. The crew, consisting of two Russians and an American, will spend eight months conducting over 200 experiments and performing maintenance on the station.
The Dangers of Going into Space
Additionally, we discuss the various dangers associated with human spaceflight, including the effects of microgravity on the human body, radiation exposure, and the physical challenges astronauts face during long-duration missions. Experts from NASA highlight the ongoing research to ensure astronaut safety as humanity prepares for deeper space exploration.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 47 for broadcast on 18 April 2025
00:49 Hubble's measurements of Uranus's rotational rate
06:30 Implications for future planetary research
12:15 New crew arrival at the ISS aboard Soyuz MS-27
18:00 Overview of the crew's mission and experiments
22:45 Dangers of human spaceflight and health impacts
27:00 Summary of recent space exploration news
30:15 Science report: Lab-grown meat flavor innovations
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✍️ Episode References
Nature
https://www.nature.com
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Nature Communications
https://www.nature.com/ncomms/
For the commercial-free editions of this podcast, become a supporter: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 46
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Unraveling Black Hole Jets, Martian Dust Devils, and Earth's Tectonic Mysteries
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking research that sheds light on how black holes generate their powerful plasma jets. A new study reveals that these jets are formed when superheated gas experiences a rapid shrinking towards the black hole's event horizon, offering insights into galaxy evolution and the fundamental physics of black holes. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding cosmic phenomena and the behavior of matter in extreme gravitational fields.
NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover Observes Martian Twisters
Next, we delve into the fascinating observations made by NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover, which has captured images of dust devils swirling on the rim of Jezero Crater. These dust devils, including one consuming another, provide important data on Martian atmospheric conditions and help refine our climate models of the Red Planet. The rover's findings highlight the role of these phenomena in influencing Martian weather and surface interactions.
New Insights into Earth's Tectonic Plates
Additionally, we discuss a new study that uncovers how anomalies in the Earth's mantle transition zone affect the movement of tectonic plates. The research suggests that thick basaltic rock compositions within this zone can influence the trajectory and speed of subducting plates, which is vital for understanding the recycling of surface materials and the long-term stability of Earth's climate. This discovery opens new avenues for studying plate tectonics and its implications for our planet's habitability.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 46 for broadcast on 16 April 2025
00:49 Mechanisms behind black hole jet formation
06:30 Implications for galaxy evolution and black hole physics
12:15 Mars Perseverance Rover's dust devil observations
18:00 Importance of dust devils in Martian climate studies
22:45 Insights into Earth's tectonic plate movement
27:00 Summary of recent geological findings
30:15 Science report: Social media's impact on body image
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✍️ Episode References
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/pasj
Nature
https://www.nature.com
PLOS One
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Lunar Water Disparities Explored, Asteroid 2024 YR4's Moonbound Journey

(00:00:46) Lunar Water Differences

(00:03:47) Asteroid 2024 YR4: From Earth Threat to Lunar Target

(00:06:33) Singing Stars and Galactic History

(00:18:56) The Science Report

(00:25:11) Show Wrap

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 45
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Uncovering Lunar Water Discrepancies, Asteroid 2024 YR4's Moon Targeting, and Stellar Seismology Insights
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the intriguing findings from China's Chang'e 6 sample return mission, which reveal that the Moon's far side is significantly drier than its near side. This discovery sheds light on the geochemical differences between the two hemispheres and offers fresh perspectives on lunar evolution and the implications for the Moon's origin.
Asteroid 2024 YR4: From Earth Threat to Lunar Target
Next, we track the journey of asteroid 2024 YR4, which initially garnered attention as a potential Earth impactor. However, new observations indicate that this 60-meter-wide asteroid is now on a collision course with the Moon, raising the likelihood of an impact to 3.5%. We discuss its unique characteristics and the ongoing studies aimed at understanding its origins and physical properties.
Singing Stars and Galactic History
Additionally, we explore how stellar seismology is revealing the evolutionary history of stars in the open cluster Messier 67. By analyzing the oscillations of these stars, astronomers can map the history of the Milky Way and gain insights into stellar evolution. This innovative approach provides a deeper understanding of the life cycles of stars and their contributions to galactic archaeology.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 45 for broadcast on 14 April 2025
00:49 Findings from Chang'e 6 about lunar water distribution
06:30 Implications for lunar evolution and origin theories
12:15 Asteroid 2024 YR4's trajectory and characteristics
18:00 Transition from Earth impactor to Moon target
22:45 Stellar seismology insights from Messier 67
27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries
30:15 Science report: Genetic engineering and the dire wolf
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✍️ Episode References
Nature
https://www.nature.com
Astrophysical Journal Letters
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 44
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
New Discoveries About Uranus, the 2025 Space Environment Robert on Space Junk, and NASA's Starliner Testing Updates
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking insights into the atmosphere of Uranus, derived from two decades of observations by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. Uranus, an ice giant with its unique tilt and rotation, reveals complex atmospheric dynamics that scientists are just beginning to understand. We discuss the implications of Hubble's findings, including the distribution of methane and the changing aerosol structures as the planet approaches its northern summer solstice in 2030.
The 2025 Space Environment Robert
Next, we delve into the European Space Agency's 2025 Space Environment Robert, highlighting the growing challenge of space debris orbiting Earth. With thousands of defunct satellites and rocket stages contributing to the clutter, we examine the risks posed to operational spacecraft and the urgent need for international debris reduction measures. The report underscores the potential for catastrophic chain reactions in space, known as Kessler Syndrome, and the pressing need for sustainable practices in orbit.
Nasa and Boeing's Starliner Testing Preparations
Additionally, we provide updates on NASA and Boeing's ongoing efforts to address issues with the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft. Following a series of test flight challenges, the teams are preparing for new evaluations and propulsion system tests aimed at certifying Starliner for future crewed missions. We discuss the history of Starliner's difficulties and what lies ahead in its journey to becoming a reliable transport vehicle for astronauts.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 44 for broadcast on 11 April 2025
00:49 New insights into Uranus's atmospheric dynamics
06:30 Hubble's long-term observations and their implications
12:15 Overview of the 2025 Space Environment Robert
18:00 The growing threat of space debris
22:45 NASA and Boeing's Starliner testing updates
27:00 Summary of recent space exploration developments
30:15 Science report: Microplastics and health impacts
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✍️ Episode References
European Space Agency
https://www.esa.int
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Nature Communications
https://www.nature.com/ncomms/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 43
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Exploring Venusian Volcanoes, the End of the Gaia Mission, and SpaceX's Historic Polar Orbit Launch
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the geological mysteries of Venus, where new research suggests that convection in its crust may explain the planet's numerous volcanoes. Unlike Earth, which supports life, Venus is a harsh environment with extreme temperatures and a crushing atmosphere. We discuss how this convection could indicate a more active geological landscape than previously understood, shedding light on the planet's evolution.
The Conclusion of the Gaia Mission
Next, we mark the end of an era as the European Space Agency officially powers down the Gaia spacecraft. After over a decade of groundbreaking work mapping the Milky Way, Gaia has provided invaluable data that has transformed our understanding of the galaxy. We highlight the mission's key achievements and the lasting legacy of its extensive data archive that will continue to inform astronomical research for years to come.
SpaceX's Manned Polar Orbit Mission
Additionally, we celebrate SpaceX's successful launch of its first manned mission to orbit above the Earth's poles. This historic flight, which included a variety of scientific experiments, showcases the capabilities of modern space travel and the potential for future polar exploration. We detail the mission's objectives, the crew's experiences, and the significance of this achievement in the context of human spaceflight.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 43 for broadcast on 9 April 2025
00:49 New study on volcanic activity on Venus
06:30 Implications of convection in Venus's crust
12:15 The end of the Gaia mission and its contributions
18:00 Highlights of Gaia's discoveries and data legacy
22:45 SpaceX's first manned polar orbit mission
27:00 Summary of recent space exploration milestones
30:15 Science report: Antibiotic use in livestock and environmental impacts
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✍️ Episode References
Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/physics-of-the-earth-and-planetary-interiors
European Space Agency
https://www.esa.int
Nature Communications
https://www.nature.com/ncomms/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 42
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Unraveling Antimatter Mysteries, New Techniques to Detect Dark Matter, and Insights into the Spectrum Rocket Failure
In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking discoveries at the Large Hadron Collider, where physicists have identified a significant difference in the decay behaviors of ordinary matter and antimatter. This finding could provide vital clues to understanding why our universe is dominated by matter despite the Big Bang's creation of equal amounts of both. We explore the implications of these results and how they align with the Standard Model of particle physics.
Innovative Approaches to Dark Matter Detection
Next, we discuss an innovative new technique developed by researchers at the University of Queensland to detect dark matter using atomic clocks and cavity-stabilized lasers. This cutting-edge approach aims to uncover the elusive nature of dark matter, which constitutes about 80% of the universe yet remains largely a mystery. We examine how this method could lead to new insights into the distribution and properties of dark matter.
Spectrum Rocket Launch Failure Investigation
Additionally, we analyze the recent failure of the Spectrum rocket during its inaugural launch from Norway. Investigators are looking into the causes of the incident, which involved thrust vectoring oscillations leading to the rocket's loss of control. We discuss potential technical issues and what this means for future European orbital launches.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 42 for broadcast on 7 April 2025
00:49 Discovery of decay differences between matter and antimatter
06:30 Implications for understanding the universe's matter dominance
12:15 New techniques for detecting dark matter
18:00 Using atomic clocks for dark matter research
22:45 Analysis of the Spectrum rocket failure
27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments
30:15 Science report: Southern Ocean warming impacts
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✍️ Episode References
Physical Review Letters
https://journals.aps.org/prl/
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Nature Communications
https://www.nature.com/ncomms/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.