Takeaway English: Health – Angličtina Youradio Talk

Jill Volpie: The first thing to be aware of is that fainting is the body's own way of responding to a situation. It's actually encouraging blood flow, particularly to the brain and therefore one should always resist the temptation to sit the patient up or stand them up or get them to walk around or even walk outside to fresh air. It is actually possible to create more damage to the patient by doing this, because by so doing, if the circulation hasn't fully been restored back to the head, you can actually give them more problems long term. So resist the temptation to move the patient unless they're in obviously a very unsafe situation, in the middle of a street, or something like that. Vocabulary: to faint - ztratit vědomí to encourage - podpořit, povzbudit it's actually encouraging blood flow - povzbudit krevní oběh resist the temptation - odolat pokušení fresh air - čersvý vzduch to restore - obnovit If the circulation hasn't been restored back to the head. - Pokud se mozek znovu neprokrví. You can actually give them more problems long term. - Můžete jim přivodit dlouhodobější problémy. an unsafe situation - nebezpečná situace

Jill Volpie: Leave them where they are - either, if they're already sitting, perhaps to put their head down between their knees to encourage the circulation of blood or, if they're on the ground, perhaps elevate the feet slightly, just to encourage the blood coming back from the feet and the legs. Try to make sure that they have as much fresh air as possible. One of the big problems with anyone collapsing anywhere usually, particularly if there are other people around, is that everybody wants to crowd around to see what's happened. Most people don't know what to do and they quite often tend to close in on the patient. And it's very important to get people to move back to ensure there's plenty of fresh air for the patient to breathe. Vocabulary: to put their head down between their knees - sklonit jim hlavu mezi kolena to elevate the feet slightly - nepatrně pozvednout nohy to come back - vrátit se Encourage the blood coming back from the feet and the legs. - Napomůžete tak, aby se krev vrátila z nohou do mozku. to collapse - zhroutit se to crowd around - nahrnout se kolem, uzavřít kruh to close in - stáhnout se kolem to move back - posunout se zpátky, stáhnout se to breathe - dýchat Get people to move back to ensure there's plenty of fresh air for the patient to breathe. - Je potřeba lidem říct, aby ustoupili/udělali místo, aby se k pacientovi dostalo co nejvíc čerstvého vzduchu a mohl dýchat.

Barry Powell: The mainstay of treatment for these kind of burns is water. And by that I just mean ordinary tap water. Don't go out and get ice bags, don't put your hands into buckets of ice - ordinary tap water which usually is at 8 degrees centigrade is sufficient. Now, what you need to do is place that part of you in running water and keep it in the water until the pain goes. That is the fundamental, best thing you can do. Graham Easton: If you don't have running water, soak some cloths or towels in water and cover the burn with them. Don't prick any blisters which form and don't apply lotions or creams. Try to remove any rings or tight bracelets before the hands swell from the burn. Vocabulary: the mainstay of treatment - nejdůležitější a nejlepší způsob ošetření Ordinary tap water which is usually 8 degrees centigrade is sufficient. - Stačí obyčejná voda z kohoutku, která má obvykle má 8 stupňů Celsia. fundamental - základní to soak some towel - namočit ručník don't prick any blisters - puchýře nepropichujte lotions and creams - pleťové vody a krémy

Barry Powell: I don't think that fat and butter or any substance like that helps deal with the burn. One of the reasons why I advocate water is that not only is it extremely good for pain relief - far better than any tablets you can take - but it also cools down that area that has been burnt very quickly and by doing that you can actually minimise the severity of that burn. Well, I think this is now a very difficult area because it depends how big the burn is, what has actually caused the burn and also, in fact, how deep the burn is, ie how much damage has been done. I really think that in the home situation, the best thing you can do is get a cloth or any bathroom towel, soak it in water and cover the area that has been burnt and then probably seek medical advice. Vocabulary: substance - látka to advocate - hájit, zastávat se, přimlouvat se za něco pain relief - ulevení bolesti minimise - minimalizovat, snížit severity - závažnost you can minimise the severity of that burn - minimalizuje závažnost/hloubku popálení to depend - záležet na It depends what caused the burn, how deep the burn is. - Záleží na tom tom, jak k popálení došlo, jak je hluboké. in the home situation - pokud jste doma to seek medical advice - vyhledat lékařskou pomoc

Graham Easton: Other forms of dressing can be used to keep the burn clean and free of infection. The thin plastic films used to wrap food can sometimes make an effective emergency dressing. But if you don't have any, there are other possibilities. Many of us have used varieties of vegetable skin, potato, banana skin are all extremely good forms of dressing but these are all very temporary until you can actually get a more permanent dressing applied. Barry Powell: Well, the problem is when you burn yourself, the burn damages the skin and that damage gets rid of all the body's defences, so it opens it up to infection. Get an infection into the burn, not only will it make that burn worse, but it could actually then eventually get into the blood stream and cause an infection to the body. Vocabulary: dressing - zábal free of infection - bez infekce the thin plastic films used to wrap food - potravinová fólie emergency dressings - provizorní zábal varieties of vegetable skin - banana skin - různé slupky od ovoce či zeleniny, například banánová slupka. temporary - dočasný permanent - trvalý defence - ochrana, obrana That damage gets rid of all the body's defences , so it opens it up to infection, eventually gets into the blood stream. - Spálená kůže ovšem ztrácí svou funkci jako ochrana před infekcí a tělo je tedy "otevřeno infekci" a krví se může infekce roznést do celého těla.

Barry Powell: The answer to that is "No". The problem with children and burns is if you do put them into cold water, they drop their temperature, they become what is called hypothermic and that is not good for the child. For the child, first of all you need to reassure them - I think that's desperately important - and the same story holds true, get cold water and apply it to them. Now, obviously you can't put a child completely into a running tap, so bring the running tap to the child, in the essence of soaking a towel, keep soaking the towel and changing it, but be very careful with children because if you keep them too cold and wet, they will become hypothermic and shocked and that is not in the child's interest. Vocabulary: temperature - teplota hypothermic - podchlazení They can drop their temperature, they become what is called hypothermic. - Tělesná teplota dítěte by prudce poklesla a došlo by k podchlazení. reassure - uklidnit that's desperately important - to je nesmírně důležité the same story holds true - i v tomto případě platí to samé obviously - pochopitelně in the essence of soaking a towel - v podobě namočeného ručníku keep soaking a towel and changing it - ručník pravidelně namáčejte a měňte shocked - v šoku

Barry Powell: The obvious thing is to try and get that person away from where the fire is, if that is at all possible. The second thing is, if their clothes are on fire, and this is desperately important, make sure they lie down. If they stand up, then their clothes, if they catch fire, will just burn upwards and cause more and more damage to the skin. So, lie them down and that will reduce the area of skin that is burnt. Roll them. By rolling them in the ground or in a carpet or a rug or anything that you can, smother the fire. That is the best way to put it out. Vocabulary: if at all possible - pokud je to vůbec možné lie down - ležet na zemi stand up - stát catch fire - chytit/ začít hořet upwards - směrem nahoru make sure they lie down - je nutné ho položit na zem If they stand up, then their clothes, if they catch fire, will just burn upwards. - Kdyby stáli, tak plameny z hořícího oděvu šlehají nahoru. reduce the area of skin that is burnt - omezíme rozsah popálení roll - válet, vyválet, kutálet carpet - koberec rug - předložka, pokrývka, hadr smother the fire - udusit oheň the best way to put it out - nejlepší způsob, jak oheň uhasit

Jill Volpie: The important thing to know about diarrhoea is of course that the patient is losing a lot of fluid and that this can very quickly turn into a serious situation of dehydration and can actually be a killer, and is a killer, in children. So it's very important to be able to respond quickly. In a first aid situation, if the patient is able to take anything by mouth, then it's important that they're encouraged to drink. If possible, local remedies, local rehydration solutions, which are made perhaps of boiled rice water, water from other grain cooking or solutions which contain salt and sugar, are very important, correctly measured of course. But, of course, the most important thing of all is that they're given safe water to drink. Vocabulary: diarrhoea - průjem losing a lot of fluid - ztrácí hodně tekutiny dehydration - dehydratace it can be a killer in children - může u dětí snadno skončit smrtí respond - reagovat, jednat It's very important to be able to respond quickly. - Je velice důležité, aby člověk jednal rychle. by mouth - ústy, ústně, perorálně If the patient is able to take anything by mouth. - Pokud je pacient schopen přijímat jídlo ústy local remedies - domácí léčba rehydration solutions - rehydratační tekutiny boiled rice water - vývar z rýže safe water - nezávadná voda water that's been boiled and cooled - převařená zchlazená vod

I think there's a big temptation to eat less or not at all; if one has diarrhoea one doesn't feel like eating. But of course it's very important that nutrition is maintained in this state. The body needs to continue to be fed and rehydration solutions, even the prepacked ones in the sachets, do not provide any, or very, very little, in the way of nutrition. Milk is of course quite nutritious. Some will say that it does actually irritate the stomach. I think it depends a lot on what you have to hand, of course; and what the patient can tolerate. If you find that you give milk and that's immediately rejected or the patient is sick, then obviously go back to just your safe rehydration fluids and wait until the patient's condition is a little better. Vocabulary temptation - pokušení nutrition - výživa, živiny nutritious - výživný maintain - udržovat sachets - sáčky to irritate the stomach - dráždit žaludek to have to hand, to have available - mít po ruce tolerate - tolerovat, snášet reject - odmítnout There's a big temptation to eat less or not at all. - Člověk je v pokušení jíst málo a nebo vůbec ne. It is very important that nutrition is maintained. - Je velmi důležité, aby byl přísun živin zajištěn. Rehydration solutions, even the prepacked ones in the sachets… - Kupované, hotové rehydratační roztoky…

Peter Banham: This I am afraid is a fallacy. Lungs do not fill up with water. It is quite likely that the casualty in the water may have breathed in a little water but it's very unlikely for the lungs to be waterlogged. Certainly there would be more than enough space left in the lungs for you to blow into the mouth of the casualty and inflate their lungs. Graham Easton: If you're sure that the person is unconscious and not simply asleep, the important thing to do is to check to see whether the person is breathing and whether their heart is beating. A good way to remember how to do it is to remember the first three letters of the English alphabet, a-b-c. Vocabulary: drowning - topit se fallacy - falešná představa lungs do not fill up with water this is a fallacy - plíce po vrch naplněné vodou je klamná představa casualty - oběť, zraněný, postižený to breathe - dýchat The casualty in the water may have breathed in a little water. - Tonoucí může samozřejmě vdechnout trochu vody. waterlogged - plný vody, nasáklý vodou inflate the lungs - nafouknout plíce unconscious - být v bezvědomí be asleep - spát beat - tlouct, tep Whether the person is breathing and whether their heart is beating… - Jestli dýchá a jestli mu tluče srdce… The first three letters of the english alphabet a-b-c… - První tři písmena anglické abecedy…