Takeaway English: Health – Angličtina Youradio Talk

Fiona Winster: A-B-C is for airway, breathing and circulation. So the first of those, the airway. You first of all need to open the person's mouth and make sure that you can't see anything obvious obstructing their breathing. It could be that there's some, some blood, some broken teeth, anything could be in there, that I'm afraid if you see it you're going to have to scrape out with your fingers. The thing which is almost certainly going to be blocking their airway is their tongue. And because the tongue becomes floppy when someone's unconscious, it drops to the very back of their air passage and it could well stop them breathing. So to clear their tongue from the back of the airway, just put two of your fingers underneath the bony part of the chin, and you lift their chin up and you tilt their head back, just so that their head is back into the normal, resting position and no longer tucked down on to their chest. Vocabulary: airway - dýchací cesty breathing and circulation - dýchání a oběh to obstruct - překážet vomit - zvratky scrape out with your fingers - vyškrábnout prsty to block - ucpat tongue - jazyk floppy - ochablý the tongue becomes floppy when someone's unconscious - v bezvědomí jazyk ochabne tilt their head back - zaklonit jim hlavu tucked down on to their chest - spadená dolů (na prsa)

Fiona Winster: B is for breathing. You now need to check whether that person can now breathe. So what you do is keep their airway clear, keep your fingers under the chin, and you put your face down close to theirs, so that your cheek is over their mouth, and you then look and see if you can see their chest moving up and down. You listen to see if you can hear any sounds of breathing and you feel for their breath on your cheek, and you should do that for five or ten seconds to decide whether or not there's any breathing. C is for circulation. You want to know now whether this person still has a beating heart circulating their blood around the body. You have to see if you have a pulse - it's no good feeling the pulse that we most commonly have felt, the one in the wrist, in someone who's unconscious because it can become very weak so that you can't feel it. So you have to feel the big pulse that runs down the side of the neck, and that's known as the carotid pulse. Vocabulary: to breathe/to take a breath - nadechnout se cheek - tvář, líčko chest - prsa, hrudní koš, hruď their chest moving up and down - jestli se mu hýbe hruď nahoru a dolů pulse - puls wrist - zápěstí weak - slabý the carotid pulse - krční (krkavicový) puls

Fiona Winster: To breathe for him, first of all you make sure his airway is clear, so make sure the head is tilted, the chin is lifted. Then you pinch their nostrils shut with the index finger and the thumb of one hand; you put your mouth right over their mouth so there's a good seal, and you give two breaths, just normal sort of breaths, each one lasting about two seconds. And each breath should be just hard enough that you see the patient's chest rise and fall as it would do if they were breathing for themselves. James Gummett: I would normally tell you to feel the base of the sternum, find the base of the chest bone. Put your two fingers on there, come up a little way and then put your other hand on top of that. So using the heel of one hand, put the other hand on top of that and then press down, fifteen times - and I would be on the phone listening to you counting fifteen. And then two more breaths - and get you to come back to the phone all the time, telling me exactly what's going on. Vocabulary: pinch - štípnout, sevřít do dvou prstů nostrils - nosní dírky index finger - ukazováček thumb - palec You pinch their nostrils shut with the index finger and the thumb of one hand. - Ucpěte nosní dírky palcem a ukazováčkem jedné ruky. seal - utěsnění sternum - hrudní kost chest bone - hrudní koš heel - pata the heel of the hand - zápěstí press down fifteen times - zmáčkněte patnáckrát

Fiona Winster: If you count aloud as you do the compressions, it'll help you get the right speed. So you just count one-and-two-and-three. Once you've done fifteen of those, you go straight back to the head and you do two more breaths, just as before. And you just keep repeating then, in cycles of two breaths, fifteen compressions, until medical help arrives. Now in those situations, the chances of success will decrease quite rapidly, but that's not to say that no one will survive. It's just to say that not that many will. But at least you know, if you were the person who tried resuscitation, that you gave them their very best possible chance. Vocabulary: aloud - nahlas compression - stisk, stlačení medical help - lékařská pomoc success - úspěch to decrease - klesnout, snížit se the chances of success will decrease quite rapidly - šance na úspěch značně poklesnou survive - přežít resuscitation - resuscitace, oživení, přivést k vědomí

Fiona Winster: The guidelines that we teach at Bart's City Lifesaver are those of the European Resuscitation Council. There will be slight differences from country to country around the world, but the basic principles always hold the same, in that the airway is always cleared by tilting the head and lifting the chin; you always blow in the mouth to get air into the lungs and you always press on the chest to circulate the blood around the body. John Pooley: The important thing now to remember is, is not to move anybody unnecessarily. Of course, if there is danger, like the vehicle is about to roll over an edge or the vehicle is very unstable or there is a danger of fire, then you're going to have to take the people out of the vehicle. If you have to remove people from a vehicle, then you have to do it as quickly but as carefully as possible. You may be frightened that you will cause further injury, but you've got to think that if you don't move them and the car catches fire, they will die. Vocabulary guidelines - směrnice slight differences - drobné rozdíly basic principles - základní myšlenky, principy the vehicle is very unstable - vozidlo je v nestabilní pozici frightened - obávat se injury - zranění you may be frightened that you will cause further injury - budete se obávat, že můžete způsobit další zranění

John Pooley: In general, help the people who are silent first. They're often the worst injured. Remember that large, massive accidents are few and far between but they do happen and if you come across just a normal accident, you can make the difference. Have the confidence to try. At least if you've tried, then something has been done for the patient. Jill Volpie: The message, I think, for all first aiders anywhere, however well-trained and however proficient they feel that they are, the message is always that it is only first aid; that's the important thing. Lives can be saved with good first aid, but it's very important that as soon as possible you get further assistance, professional assistance if that's possible, perhaps calling for help from a health centre. Vocabulary help the people who are silent first - první pomozte lidem, kteří jsou ticho the worst injured - nejhůř zranění massive accidents are few and far between - těžkých nehod je jen pár, nejsou tak časté have the confidence to try - mějte odvahu se pokusit first aiders - "poskytovači" první pomoci trained - vyškolený, cvičený proficient - zběhlý, zdatný professional assistance - profesionální pomoc health centre - zdravotní středisko