Today's episode answers the following questions, among others:

• What is the chemical structure of testosterone? (e.g., C19 steroid, androstan skeleton)

• Is testosterone fat-soluble or water-soluble?

• What is the history of testosterone discovery and synthesis? (e.g., early experiments, isolation, Nobel prize)

• Where is testosterone produced in the body (males and females)? (e.g., Leydig cells, theca cells, adrenal glands)

• What is the precursor molecule for testosterone synthesis? (Cholesterol)

• What are the main enzymatic steps in testosterone biosynthesis? (e.g., P450scc, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, 17β-HSD)

• What is the "backdoor pathway" for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis?

• How is testosterone transported in the bloodstream? (e.g., SHBG, albumin, free testosterone)

• What is bioavailable testosterone and how much is typically free?

• What are the two main active metabolites testosterone can be converted into, and by which enzymes? (DHT via 5-alpha reductase, Estradiol via aromatase)

• How does testosterone exert its effects at the cellular level (mechanism of action)? (e.g., androgen receptor, genomic/non-genomic pathways)

• What is the role of testosterone in male fetal development? (e.g., Wolffian ducts, external genitalia)

• What are the primary functions of testosterone in adult men? (e.g., spermatogenesis, muscle mass, libido, erectile function)

• What are the roles of testosterone in adult women? (e.g., libido, bone health, mood, estrogen precursor)

• How is testosterone inactivated and excreted from the body? (e.g., liver metabolism, conjugation, urine)

About Deep Research Review:

In this ad-free educational podcast, Deep Research reports from Gemini, ChatGPT, Grok, and Perplexity are synthesized to find the objective truth about any topic. Join researcher and entrepreneur Landon Kelson as he pushes the boundaries of research and access to information. Topics include family, technology, pharmacology, astronomy, geography, philosophy, psychology, medicine, history, sports, music, religion, politics, and more. New episodes every morning.

Disclaimer: 

This show includes experimental AI-generated content and may contain offensive, false, or misleading claims. As with anything, always do your own research. Nothing in this show is meant as medical, financial, or legal advice.