Just as the Earth doesn't orbit the sun in a perfect circle, the moon's orbit around Earth isn't perfectly circular either. Instead, the moon follows an elliptical path, creating an oval-like orbit. This elliptical orbit means that sometimes the moon is closer to Earth. When the moon is both full and at its closest point, it’s called a supermoon, appearing brighter and larger than usual.

Supermoons happen about three to four times a year. The term "supermoon" was first introduced in 1979, though astronomers refer to this event as a perigean full moon. Perigee is the closest point in the moon’s orbit, which averages about 226,000 miles from Earth.

A blue moon is simpler to explain and relates to the frequency of full moons. There are two types of blue moons: monthly and seasonal.

A monthly blue moon occurs when there are two full moons in one month. Monday’s full moon, however, is a seasonal blue moon: it’s the third full moon in a season that has four full moons. Typically, a season only has three full moons, but the summer of 2024 has four.

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