Mohammad Rasoulof, the Iranian director whose films have consistently challenged the authority of the Islamic Republic, has faced imprisonment and persecution for his artistic vision. While serving time in Iranian prison for his films A Man of Integrity and 2020’s There Is No Evil, Rasoulof began to think about his next film, The Seed of the Sacred Fig. He was released from prison and began filming The Seed of the Sacred Fig in absolute secrecy while still under close scrutiny by the government.

The Seed of the Sacred Fig is a gripping drama that explores the impact of authoritarian rule and political unrest on a family in Iran. Iman has just began a new job as an investigating judge in Tehran's Revolutionary Court when protests break out in Tehran. Paranoid about being hunted by protestors for his role in the regime, he clashes with his wife and daughters at home. When his gun goes missing, he suspects one of them has taken it, leading to a breakdown of trust within the family.

In late 2023, Rasoulof reached out to editor Andrew Bird, with whom he had previously collaborated on Manuscripts Don't Burn in Germany. This time, however, the collaboration would be fraught with extraordinary challenges. With Rasoulof still in Iran, direct communication was severely limited, relying on long phone conversations facilitated by an interpreter. Andrew received an English translation of the script, but his lack of Farsi proficiency presented a unique hurdle. “I have edited a number of films in languages I don't speak,” says Andrew. “It's pretty easy to tell, even without the language, which performance is good and which isn't. I don't really need to understand the language for that.”

Rasoulof sent footage in small, uploaded files, only with a few favorite takes marked. Andrew began editing as the film was being shot, piecing together the narrative puzzle without knowing the full scope of each scene. He was particularly struck by the film's powerful imagery and the challenging locations, given the clandestine nature of the production. “It was weird because normally you have a director with you so you're throwing ideas out there and the director's throwing ideas out there, and then suddenly something new emerges, and that leads you to places where you'd never have anticipated getting to,” says Andrew. “All that was lacking in this process because we were in two separate countries. I had to rely on myself, I had to really examine everything a lot more closely. It was enriching as well, because it really gives you more confidence in your own decisions and your own instincts.”

After completing filming, Rasoulof made a daring escape from Iran, crossing the border illegally to return to Germany. He has since been able to travel and promote The Seed of the Sacred Fig, which has garnered critical acclaim, including multiple awards at the Cannes Film Festival and an Academy Award nomination for Best International Feature. For Andrew, the experience was profoundly meaningful. “I feel incredibly privileged to be part of this,” he says. “I think when I started making films, it was with this naive belief that you could change something in the world with your art. To be able to work on a film that does make a little difference somewhere in the world is an incredible privilege. I'm incredibly grateful for the opportunity to do it.”

The Seed of the Sacred Fig is currently available for purchase on VOD.

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Long-time friend and colleague Jenelle Riley of Variety magazine chats with Ben and Illya for our SIXTH annual Oscar nominations special. With a focus on cinematography, they discuss what they liked, what will win, what should win, and their favorite movies of the year that may not have been recognized.

They discuss this year's nominations, the BAFTAs as a predictor for this year's Oscars, the ASC Awards nominees, and a little about last year's nominee and winner, Hoyte Van Hoytema, for Oppenheimer. Both Alice Brooks for Wicked and Stéphane Fontaine for Conclave were not nominated this awards season, but were nominated for ASC Awards. Ed Lachman, cinematographer of Maria, won the ASC Award this year. Ben, Jenelle and Illya agree that Drew Daniels for Anora and Benjamin Kracun for The Substance were also cinematographers who deserve recognition for their work.

Academy Award nominees for Best Cinematography this year are:

Lol Crawley, The Brutalist

Greig Fraser, Dune Part 2

Paul Guilhaume, Emilia Pérez

Ed Lachman, Maria

Jarin Blaschke, Nosferatu

Find Jenelle Riley on Facebook, Instagram, Blue Sky, X: @jenelleriley

and Variety: https://variety.com/

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Emilia Pérez is about a Mexican cartel leader, Manitas Del Monte (Karla Sofía Gascón) who hires a lawyer (Zoe Saldaña) to help him disappear, undergo gender affirming surgery, and transition into a woman. But even as Emilia Pérez, she is unable to fully leave her dark criminal past behind. Director Jacques Audiard saw the film as a unique blend of gritty drama like Amores Perros and an opera. He approached cinematographer Paul Guilhaume, AFC to collaborate on his vision.

With a combination of operatic grandeur, gritty realism, and dynamic camerawork, Paul Guilhaume has been nominated for an Academy Award for his visually stunning cinematography in Emilia Pérez. Paul was impressed with the story arc when he received the script for the movie. “There is something a bit like a classic drama or a very classic structure of a play,” he explains. “The actions of the past come back, and the darkness comes back in the film at the end.” This dramatic structure, combined with the operatic elements, presented a unique challenge. Audiard initially conceived Emilia Pérez as a five-act musical stage play before deciding to film it. The theatrical influence is apparent in the film's structure and visual approach.

The drama unfolds during the musical numbers, revealing information about the story. All of the musical numbers were written into the script and became a thread interwoven throughout the film. Paul used a variety of styles to shoot each music scene. He chose classic shot-reverse-shot for intimate moments, to stylized, modern music video techniques and grand, classic musical visuals for moments of heightened movement and energy. Months of preparation and rehearsal allowed the actors to meticulously block and choreograph the dance scenes in tandem with the Steadicam, resulting in seamless integration of movement and camera.

In Emilia Pérez, the camera is always in motion, matching the pacing of the music. “Jacques has an aesthetic of movement, the camera is almost never still,” says Paul. “There's something in motion in each and every frame that's not photographic composition, but cinematographic composition. Your eye is always in motion, taking you from one shot to the next.” The film's visual tone shifts as Emilia's past catches up with her. Paul responded to the shift with higher contrast, theatrical lighting, bringing up the darks with black walls and using an infrared camera.

Despite the film's ambitious scope, it began as a small, independent production with a limited budget before being picked up by Netflix. This constraint led to the decision to shoot digitally with a Sony Venice, a choice that ultimately saved time and money. Paul and Audiard focused on crafting memorable moments, striving to create one key image per scene to build a lasting "visual memory" for the audience.

Emilia Pérez is on Netflix.

Find Paul Guilhaume: Instagram: @paul_guilhaume

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Sugarcane is a powerful documentary film that delves into the dark history of abuse and murder at a Canadian residential school. These Catholic boarding schools in North America and Canada have caused lasting trauma across Indigenous communities. The film centers around the Williams Lake First Nation in British Columbia, where a ground-breaking investigation into the St. Joseph's Mission residential school is underway. Sugarcane is Oscar-nominated for Best Documentary Feature.

Director Emily Kassie is an Emmy and Peabody-nominated investigative journalist and filmmaker. She was compelled to tell the story of the ongoing investigation and asked journalist and co-director Julian Brave NoiseCat to be a part of the team. NoiseCat's family has an intimate and painful connection to the residential schools. His father, Ed Archie NoiseCat, was born at St. Joseph’s Mission to a student there. The NoiseCat family story became inextricably woven into the fabric of the documentary.

Emily envisioned a film that was not only informative but also deeply sensitive. She partnered with cinematographer Christopher LaMarca, whose verité style of filmmaking hinges on the power of time, trust and truth. Over two and a half years, Kassie and LaMarca spent 160 days in Williams Lake, embedding themselves within the community. “The approach to true verité filmmaking is time,” says Chris. “You need lots of time to shoot this way. You need to spend time with people before you even start shooting so that they trust you. It's a way of being instead of just being a cinematographer.” Emily fully embraced Chris's approach. “For me, what comes with time is trust and intimacy,” she says. “It was so important to earn the trust of this community that has been ravaged by colonization, that has been lied to and betrayed by white people since they arrived on the land.”

This trust informed every aspect of their filmmaking. The decision to use prime lenses, for example, was a deliberate choice. Instead of the distancing effect of a zoom lens, prime lenses required the filmmakers to physically move closer to their subjects, fostering a sense of connection and intimacy. “Prime lenses render the face and space differently than a zoom does,” Chris notes, emphasizing the importance of physical proximity in creating a sense of genuine conversation. The resulting close-up shots, born from their time spent in the community, offer a powerful and intimate glimpse into the lives and experiences of those affected by the residential school.

Both Emily and Chris were shooting with a Canon C500 Mark II camera at all times, simultaneously filming and recording their own sound. The emphasis on capturing dialogue was crucial, allowing them to connect the dots in the ongoing investigation and understand the full scope of the story. Emily meticulously logged and organized all the footage, immersing herself in the project for three and a half years. She became intimately familiar with every piece of research and evidence uncovered in the residential school archives.

For Chris, the most vital part of their process happened after each day of filming. Every night, they would download the footage and reflect on the moments that resonated most deeply. “You're recalling all of the things that hit your heart the hardest and penetrated the deepest,” he explains. “And in that moment, that's where the film starts to get made – not on paper, but from the heart, being totally clear and focused on what was happening in the day.”

Sugarcane premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival and is available to stream on Disney+ and Hulu.

Find Emily Kassie: http://www.emilykassie.com/

Instagram @emilykassie

Find Chris LaMarca: http://www.christopherlamarca.com/

Instagram @christopher_lamarca

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Dune: Prophecy, the six-episode prequel series to the Dune films, now streaming on Max, delves into the origins of the Bene Gesserit. The series is set 10,000 years before the events of the movies. Bringing this ancient future to life was just one of the challenges faced by cinematographer Pierre Gill, CSC, a veteran of science fiction and period pieces alike.

Pierre, who has a deep affinity for the sci-fi genre, sees it as a close cousin to historical dramas. “It's like another type of period piece,” he explains, citing the importance of costumes, lighting, and set design in creating an immersive world. His experience in science fiction is extensive, having served as additional and second unit cinematographer on Denis Villeneuve’s Dune, Arrival, and Blade Runner 2049.

This prior experience proved invaluable for Dune: Prophecy. “On Dune: Prophecy, the challenge is there's not really a lot of light source in the concept of the universe,” Pierre notes. The goal was to respect the established aesthetic of Villeneuve's Dune, avoiding an overabundance of typical sci-fi lighting. During his initial interview for the series, Pierre emphasized his understanding of the Dune look, a perspective informed by his work on the first film. He felt the series should align with the films, potentially even enhancing viewers' appreciation of the cinematic universe. However, Pierre was also determined to bring his own artistic vision to the project. “At the same time,” he admits, “it's difficult because as a cinematographer, I don't want to recreate what Greig Fraser, the master, did. I don't want to copy him.”

Pierre's approach for Prophecy involved strong, wide shots with splashes of bold color. After extensive lens and camera testing, Pierre chose to shoot with the Arri Alexa 35. He also used two Steadicams to maximize efficiency during the action-packed shoot. Pierre favored a centered camera, even in close-ups, and faced the significant hurdle of lighting the massive sets. Time constraints limited pre-lighting opportunities, forcing Pierre to find innovative solutions. He employed mobile softboxes and book lighting to sculpt the actors' faces, creating soft bounce light. The presence of ceilings on some of the sets allowed for lower camera angles and the inclusion of more background detail. He was also able to use many practical lighting sources throughout the set.

Dune: Prophecy has been picked up for a second season and Pierre is excited to explore the Dune universe further. “Season 2 will be even more powerful, I think,” he predicts.

You can see Dune: Prophecy on Max. https://www.max.com/shows/dune-prophecy-2024/57660b16-a32a-476f-89da-3302ac379e91

Find Pierre Gill: Instagram @pierregill_dp

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The Brutalist tells the story of László Tóth (Adrian Brody) a Hungarian-Jewish architect who survives the Holocaust and emigrates to the United States. He meets a wealthy industrialist, Harrison Lee Van Buren (Guy Pierce), who recognizes his talent, and commissions him to design a grand community center. The opportunity presents both a chance for redemption and a descent into a dangerous power dynamic.

Cinematographer Lol Crawley, BSC is currently nominated for an Academy Award for his stunning work on The Brutalist. He and director Brady Corbet chose to shoot on VistaVision, which uses 35mm film horizontally instead of vertically, significantly increasing the image area and resolution. Corbet was always interested in shooting on a larger format in order to capture the landscapes and architecture in the film. VistaVision proved to be a less expensive way to shoot on large format, especially since many rental companies were reluctant to rent their 65mm cameras to a modestly budgeted, independent feature. Lol knew fellow cinematographer Robbie Ryan had also used VistaVision for parts of Poor Things. He was able to use the same technicians Robbie used while The Brutalist shot in Budapest.

The choice of VistaVision was not just about technical specifications. For The Brutalist, set in the early late 1940s and early 1950s, Lol felt it was appropriate to use a camera and film stock that evoked the era. Even the photochemical process of film itself added a unique character. “What we have chosen to do with the Kodak stock is to abuse the stock slightly, to underexpose it, to push process it, to come up with a more painterly image or something that we feel depicts a certain era,” says Lol. “And we've found that by underexposing the stock and distressing the dye layers, then forcing the image back up, you're dragging up colors within the shadows that we find to be very pleasing, interesting and more impressionistic or painterly image.”

One of the most striking sequences in The Brutalist is the opening scene, a single continuous take following László through a ship as he disembarks in America. Lol, who also operated the camera in most of the film, used a smaller handheld camera for the scene. To accentuate the disorientation as László gets off the boat, the editor decided to flip the images around. “The idea is supposed to be that he comes to America, and it's a new hope,” says Lol. “But the fact that it's untethered and disorientating and flipped on its head is a really ingenious way of representing that László's time in the US is not going to be all he imagined.”

Lol's approach to cinematography emphasizes a balance between documenting reality and fiction. “I've always thought that my cinematography was about responsiveness,” he says. "Cinematography is about light, camera movement, and composition. If I had to get rid of one or let one of those things go, it would be the lighting. What I like to do is to have one foot in documentary and one foot in fiction, and be open to respond. So I tend to shotlist less, I tend to storyboard less.” The cinematographer Christopher Doyle told him once, “In Western cinema, you say, 'Here's the frame, how do we fill it?' In Asian cinema we say, 'Here's the world, how do I frame it?'”

You can see The Brutalist in theaters.

Find Lol Crawley: https://lolcrawley.com/

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The Fire Inside is the true story of Claressa "T-Rex" Shields, a boxer from Flint, Michigan and her trainer, Jason Crutchfield. She became the first American woman to win Olympic gold in boxing. The Fire Inside is the feature directorial debut for Rachel Morrison, the first woman cinematographer nominated for an Academy Award.

Cinematographer Rina Yang, BSC enjoyed the ability to speak with director Rachel Morrison in a shorthand way about shooting the film. “It did help that I've known Rachel for a while, just being female DPs in this boys' game,” she says. “It was nice to be able to skip the tech chat and get to the point, because we had a really insane schedule.” The film's production had faced numerous challenges, having to shut down during COVID in 2020 which halted filming for two years. Once The Fire Inside was greenlit again, they faced an accelerated production schedule in Toronto. Rina prepped by watching a documentary about Claressa Shields called T-Rex and watched all her fights in the 2012 Olympics as references. She and Rachel meticulously shotlisted every scene and entered it into a detailed spreadsheet so that they knew what they needed each day.

The Fire Inside focuses on capturing the intensity of Shields' journey, both inside and outside the ring. “Rachel and I talked about how we wanted to shoot the boxing,” Rina explains, “but we decided that ultimately, we just wanted to feel the fight from Claressa's point of view rather than doing cool boxing shots.” This approach led to a raw and intimate portrayal of the sport, emphasizing the emotional and physical toll on Shields. Actor Ryan Destiny underwent rigorous training to perform all the boxing scenes herself, and Rina often opted for handheld cameras to capture the raw energy of the story. Rina and Rachel both operated a few of the boxing scenes. Rina didn't hesitate to tell Rachel how her camerawork was looking. “I was really honest. She would ask if she did a good job. I'd say that was good, or suggest a move that's less active and a little bit more quiet with the camera.”

Rina's path to becoming a cinematographer was not a direct one. After moving to London from Japan at 21 with limited English, she decided to pursue film school. While working on a film set, Rina was inspired by Sara Deane, a female cinematographer, and realized that cinematography was her true calling. She subsequently honed her skills through a series of short films, music videos, and commercials.

You can see The Fire Inside currently in theaters and streaming on VOD January 28.

Find Rina Yang: Instagram @the_rinayang

Hear our previous interview with Rachel Morrison about her work as a cinematographer on Mudbound: https://www.camnoir.com/ep19-2/

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Nosferatu is a gothic tale of obsession, about a young woman, Ellen, who faces a terrifying supernatural entity after her husband travels to Transylvania to conduct business with the enigmatic Count Orlok. As Orlok arrives in her town, he brings a plague of death and terror, forcing Ellen to confront the monstrous vampire and the darkness within herself.

Cinematographer Jarin Blaschke wanted to create a visually distinct and unsettling experience for Nosferatu, drawing inspiration from F.W. Murnau's 1922 classic, while developing his own unique look. Both he and director Robert Eggers chose a more romantic approach to the film, with a palette of blue and black. Shooting on film with candlelight and moonlight added to the haunting atmosphere. Jarin tested several lenses and the film scanning process to get the grain and color just right. He wanted Nosferatu to feel very composed and controlled. “If it feels claustrophobic, we lean into that,” he says. “How you pan, when you pan, what's the feeling of it, and how you guide the camera operator to execute that pan, all contributes to the overall feeling.”

Jared has collaborated with Eggers on all of his films, beginning with the short film, The Tell Tale Heart, The Witch, The Lighthouse and The Northman. The two share a love of fairy tales and the golden age of illustration. As with most of their films, the two had several months to prep for Nosferatu. They talked through the scenes and shotlisted the movie, while Jarin drew small storyboard thumbnails as a draft for the storyboard artist. “I love the luxury of a long prep time,” says Jarin. “The ideas that you come up with over the course of four months, as opposed to four minutes, are much, much better, you know? Like if I'm just reacting to stuff in the moment, I'm going to go for the easiest thing. But if I have time to come up with an idea and think about how to surprise people, that's a lot more fun.”

This meticulous approach extends to post-production, where Jarin even directed the lighting for visual effects. "I enjoy being an obsessive perfectionist," he admits.

You can see Nosferatu in theaters and on VOD January 21.

Find Jarin Blaschke: https://www.luxartists.net/artists/jarin-blaschke

Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/18192666@N00/

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The film September 5 is the story of the ABC Sports broadcasting team covering the terrorist attack at the 1972 Munich Olympics. It was the first Olympics to be broadcast live, when Israeli Olympians were taken hostage at the Olympic Village by Palestinian terrorists. The sports reporting team, initially focused on covering the games, finds themselves suddenly thrust into the role of live news reporters as the hostage situation unfolds. They have to grapple with the terrifying events while trying to inform the world about what was occuring. September 5 focuses on the pivotal role of media coverage in shaping public understanding of the crisis.

While waiting for financing for September 5, cinematographer Markus Förderer and director Tim Fehlbaum spent three years researching and scouting for the film. They obtained permission to shoot at the Munich Olympic village, to fully set the film in the historical context. The television studio and control room were all built on soundstages. Once September 5 was finally green-lit, Markus had only a tight two-week prep period, during which he experimented with his own lens tuning and modifications. An avid lens hobbyist, Markus took some lenses apart, adding dust, smudges and fingerprints to some of the elements to give the film an authentic period look. They shot digitally on a RED V-Raptor on two cameras, with Markus operating one of the cameras himself.

It was important to director Tim Fehlbaum to create a very claustrophobic feeling within the windowless television studio. "Tim was adamant that we only show what the characters would have seen," Markus explains. "The TV monitors became their windows to the outside world." The film blends original footage with real, archival news films and meticulously recreated scenes. Markus wanted the visual style to reflect the era, while maintaining a contemporary relevance. Both Markus and Fehlbaum were influenced by the look and feel of Natural Born Killers.

The use of analog technology such as flickering fluorescent lights and TV monitors became an important tool for Markus to create a state of heightened tension. "If we flicker these monitors, which we use as a key light source in the dark control room, the whole image will pulse," Markus says. "It looked really crazy, but it was fascinating. We synced it so it looks right on camera. As the tension gets higher and higher in certain scenes, like when we see the masked man on the balcony, we dynamically ramp up the flicker frequency of our film lights."

You can see September 5 wide in theaters January 17th.

Find Markus Forderer: Instagram @markusforderer

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We welcome back Phedon Papamichael, ASC, GSC for the fourth time on The Cinematography Podcast.

Cinematographer Phedon Papamichael started preproduction on A Complete Unknown with frequent collaborator, director James Mangold in 2019, before being postponed by the pandemic. They began prepping in summer 2023 and shooting in earnest by the early spring of 2024, which worked well for capturing the changing of the seasons in New York. The long lead time was a huge benefit for both the cast and crew. Phedon and the production team had time to research the time period, create an extensive lookbook of period photos and mull over the script and characters. Actor Timothee Chalamet had time to practice guitar and harmonica and was able to perform most of the songs live.

Phedon was very familiar with the music of Bob Dylan, and grew up listening to the artist. He wanted to capture how Dylan evolved and developed as a musician. The set was very intimate, and Chalamet completely absorbed the character of Bob Dylan, frequently watching playback on set, then finding something new with each take. “It was very much this organic process of us capturing and him discovering the character,” says Phedon. “And you could just see it was so enjoyable for every crew member. Everybody was inspired by it.”

A Complete Unknown used very few sets and stages, and the production designers transformed two blocks of New York City streets into the 1960's. Phedon shot digitally on the Sony Venice 2 camera, which was then scanned to a film negative and then scanned back to digital. Influenced by the films Klute, The Godfather and The French Connection, he wanted A Complete Unknown to have the Kodachrome look with an earthy color palette. Phedon used lighting that was appropriate for the time period as well, using white and tungsten lights, enhanced with numerous practicals on the set. He embraced the mood of the nightclub scenes, with a single source spotlight hitting the performers on stage and the audience lit with candles on the tables. As the movie progresses into the '60's and Bob Dylan becomes more famous, Phedon began to change the look of the film. “It becomes a little bit more expressionistic, a little more aggressive,” he says. “The stage lights become a little bit bigger, the highlights are a bit hotter, the contrast and shadows are more extreme.”

Phedon's ultimate goal as a cinematographer is to stay subtle. “I never want anybody to perceive or feel that I'm lighting something,” he says. “I never want it to feel like there's a craftsman behind it. I always like the photography to just allow us to focus on the character, and really not distract from it.”

Find Phedon Papamichael: Instagram @papa2

Hear our previous interviews with Phedon Papamichael on The Trial of the Chicago 7, Ford v. Ferrari, and our live podcast interview.

You can see A Complete Unknown currently in theaters.

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