Dr. Marcio Rodrigues is a Senior researcher at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Brazil. He has decades of experience studying the growing concerns about fungal diseases. Today, we talk about why fungal diseases are neglected, challenging to cure, and growing in size.
To learn more about Dr. Rodrigues' work, visit https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcio-Rodrigues-2.
00:00 Introduction
02:41 Humans and Fungal Diseases
04:22 The Rise of Fungal Diseases
06:02 Solutions to Fungal Diseases
08:03 Fungi and Climate Change
13:17 Intro to Antifungals
18:06 Antifungals in agriculture
20:08 Solutions to improve antifungals
22:28 Neglected areas in the field
P.S. Some Fancy Words Dr. Rodrigues used:
- Meningitis: A swelling of the tissues in/near the brain.
- Mortality: the percent of people who catch an illness that die from it.
- Candida auris: a species of fungi that we cannot treat with many antifungals
- Antifungal: a drug that cures fungal infections
- Resistant: An organism that develops 'defenses' against threats. Like micro-organisms developing resistance to human drugs.
- Immunocompromised: An organism whose immune system isn't working as well as normal to protect against diseases. Ex: A patient in chemotherapy receives chemicals that kill immune cells (as well as cancer cells).
- Pathogenic: A species that can cause harmful diseases to humans.
- Organelles: Smaller parts of a cell.
- Antibiotics: Drugs that cure bacterial infections.
- Eukaryotic: Cells that have nuclei. Like animal cells and fungal cells.
- Prokaryotic: Simple cells that don't have nuclei.
- Cell: The smallest building block of larger tissues, organs, and organisms.
- Cell membrane: The 'packaging' that encloses a cell.
- Lipid: A type of 'fat' molecule.
- Ergosterol: A chemical in fungi that serves a similar purpose to cholesterol in animals.
- Cell wall: An additional layer of protection around cells on top of cell membranes.
- Monoclonal antibodies: An antibody is a 'marker' our immune system uses to identify foreign 'attackers' like viruses. Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that have been created by cloning a single cell several times.
- Amphotericin B: A strong antifungal that is used for very serious fungal infections.
- Lipid formulation: When a drug is blended into a capsule of fat molecules that are safe for us to consume.
- Azoles: Five antifungal drugs that are very common to treat fungal infections.
- Sporotrichosis: a fungal infection of the skin caused by touching fungal spores in natural environments like moss.
- Paracoccidiodomycosis: A fungal disease that affects someone's lungs, but is hard to diagnose.
- Histoplasmosis: A fungal disease that infects the lungs caused by inhaling spores in the soil or in animal feces. It is difficult to diagnose.
- Subcutaneous: Referring to diseases that infect areas below the skin.
- Chromoblastomycosis: A fungal disease of the skin that can last decades.
- Legion: an area of an organ that is damaged. Like a wound or an ulcer.
- Mucormycosis: a rare, but serious fungal disease caused by molds that infects the skin.
- Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus - types of fungal species
- Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections: A global nonprofit fighting fungal diseases. More details: https://gaffi.org