The Latest Generation

Twenty-five-year-old William Lloyd Garrison published the anti-slavery weekly newspaper, The Liberator, starting on the first day of 1831.

The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison: I will be heard, 1822-1835 includes in its annotations on page 92 an objective summary of the circumstances of the Todd libel case.

It was July 8 1841, in the middle of a revival, Jonathan Edwards would quietly give a sermon. It's our landmark for the Second Turning that's also known as the Great American Awakening.

That Deuteronomy quote:

https://biblehub.com/deuteronomy/32-35.htm

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sinners_in_the_Hands_of_an_Angry_God

Between Puritans, creeping authoritarianism, breaking of norms of governing and an overall concern about how religion is making itself known in political affairs, the monarchy of Charles I should be a very effective landmark for this history map.

But like some of the others we will come to view in the Awakening periods, the complexity of the political map can make it difficult.

It's still useful for understanding what else is happening in the 17th Century, and seeing some of the connections that join different points in time.

Having completed mapping the Fourth Turning, we return to the early 16th century, where the Protestant Reformation has begun. Henry VIII began as a "Defender of the Faith" against Martin Luther, but within a few years is opposing the Church because he's unable to get an annullment of his marriage. It's a good landmark on our map, showing up almost exactly halfway between the Reconquista and the Spanish Armada, while being well-alligned with the spirtual concerns often seen during a Second Turning.

Considering the result of the previous episodes, the outline of thie history map, and the next landmarks to be considered.

The Global Financial Crisis was the start of the first Fourth Turning after Generations (1991) and The Fourth Turning (1997) were published.  It brings us to the edge of our "map" since it's the turning we are currently within, for at least another few years. And it's the last Fourth Turning event we'll be looking at on Mapping History - after this, it will be time to go to another set of Turnings and see what they have in common.

A Fourth Turning key event that isn't a battle or war but was a sign of fundamental change in society: Federal legislation for registering financial securities, in order to handle problems not prevented by similar legislation at the state level. Problems such as, for example, the stock market crash of 1929....

Between the election of Abraham Lincoln in November 1860 and his inauguration in March 1861, seven states seceded from the Union - a key event in the bloodiest war in American history: The American Civil War.

1783 is mentioned as an alternative year from this era - a year that is, of course, memorable to fans of the movie Highlander At one point the main character casually muses that "1783 was a very good year," and in a few lines makes it easy to remember what happened,then.

https://youtu.be/T8dVElW3chk

Another century, another Fourth Turning, another war - this time in North America, between native tribes led by "King Philip," and the English colonists.

https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/king-philips-war

https://connecticuthistory.org/americas-most-devastating-conflict-king-philips-war/

https://americanliterature.com/author/nathaniel-hawthorne/short-story/the-gray-champion

https://colonialwarsct.org/1675.htm

https://archive.org/details/historyofkingphi00abbo/page/346/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater