The number of babies born in China in 2019 was the lowest since 1961, during the forced implementation of Mao Tse-tung's “Great Leap Forward.” That effort to turn China’s agrarian society into a purely communist one not only cost the lives of an estimated 45 million people through starvation but dropped the number of births to less than 12 million in a year.
Afterward, policies were implemented by Mao’s followers to rein in China’s population growth, which soared following that greatest famine in all of human history. Chinese officials implemented a “two child policy” in 1969, but changed it 10 years later to “one child” per family, with some exceptions.