In this episode of MCAT Basics, Sam Smith discusses the reproductive system and development, breaking down essential topics for the bio and biochem section of the MCAT. Sam walks through the key reproductive organs, the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and the pathway sperm and eggs take in human reproduction.

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Jump into the conversation:

(00:00) Intro

(01:30) Reproductive organs: Overview of male and female reproductive anatomy

(03:16)  Spermatogenesis: The process of sperm cell development

(04:55) Meiosis in spermatogenesis: From diploid to haploid cells

(07:02) Spermatogenesis recap: The pathway from spermatagonia to spermatozoa

(09:45) The menstrual cycle: Overview of the four phases

(11:15) Ovulation: Triggered by luteinizing hormone surge

(11:55) The luteal phase: Role of the corpus luteum in progesterone production

(12:56) Menstruation: Progesterone drop and the sloughing of the uterine lining

(14:16) Oogenesis: The process of egg cell development

(18:17) Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis

(19:18) Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) and its relation to maternal age

(21:08) Fertilization: The process of sperm fusing with the egg

(28:51) Gastrulation and the formation of germ layers

(30:24) Germ layers: Mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm