In this episode of Explaining History, Nick revisits Nikolaus Wachsmann's monumental study, KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps.

We explore a critical and often misunderstood aspect of the Holocaust: the relationship between the Concentration Camps (KL) and the extermination camps of the East. Why were Jews initially marginalized within the KL system? How did the failure of the war against the Soviet Union in 1941 shift Nazi policy from the exploitation of Soviet POWs to the mass enslavement and murder of Jews?

We delve into the infamous Wannsee Conference, decoding the euphemisms of "resettlement" and "natural wastage," and examine how chaotic decision-making at the top of the Nazi hierarchy led to the transformation of Auschwitz-Birkenau into an industrial center of death.

Plus: Stay tuned for an announcement about an upcoming live masterclass on the Russian Revolution and Stalinism for students.

Key Topics:

• The KL vs. Death Camps: Understanding the distinction between camps like Dachau and extermination centers like Treblinka.
• The Wannsee Conference: How bureaucrats planned genocide over lunch.
• Annihilation Through Labour: The shift from Soviet POWs to Jewish slave labour.
• The Transformation of Auschwitz: How Birkenau became the primary site for the "Final Solution."

Books Mentioned:

• KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps by Nikolaus Wachsmann
• The Third Reich at War by Richard J. Evans
• Bloodlands by Timothy Snyder

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