More Events on This Day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/march-1/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we turn our attention to March 1, 1546—a dark and fateful day in Scotland’s Reformation. On this day, the Protestant preacher George Wishart was burned at the stake in St. Andrews under the orders of Cardinal David Beaton. His death would ignite a firestorm of anger and set in motion events that changed Scotland forever. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

The 16th century was a time of great religious upheaval in Scotland. The Protestant Reformation was sweeping through Europe, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church, and Scotland was no exception. George Wishart emerged as one of the leading voices of reform. A gifted preacher, he traveled the country, denouncing Catholic doctrine and calling for a return to the teachings of the Bible. He spoke out against the veneration of saints, clerical corruption, and the wealth of the church, all of which made him a dangerous man in the eyes of Scotland’s Catholic hierarchy.

Wishart’s message found a receptive audience, particularly among the nobility who resented the power of the Catholic Church. But his preaching also drew the ire of Cardinal David Beaton, the head of the Catholic Church in Scotland and a staunch defender of Rome. Beaton saw Wishart not only as a heretic but as a direct threat to his authority. Determined to silence him, the Cardinal orchestrated his arrest in January 1546.

The arrest itself was an act of treachery. Wishart was staying at Ormiston House in East Lothian, under the protection of Protestant sympathizers. But he was betrayed, captured, and taken to Edinburgh before being transferred to St. Andrews, where he would face trial. His fate was sealed before the trial even began. Beaton and his allies were determined to make an example of him, and on February 28, he was convicted of heresy in a mock trial that left no room for defense.

On the morning of March 1, Wishart was led out to the stake in front of St. Andrews Castle. A large crowd gathered to witness the grim spectacle. He was tied to the post, and bags of gunpowder were placed around his body to ensure a swift but violent death. As the flames rose, he is said to have called out to the people, urging them to remain steadfast in their faith. His last words were reportedly a prayer for forgiveness—both for himself and for those who condemned him.

But if Beaton thought that Wishart’s death would crush the Protestant cause, he was gravely mistaken. Instead, it fueled resentment and rage. Many of Wishart’s followers were convinced that his execution was not just an act of religious persecution but also a sign of Beaton’s tyranny. Less than three months later, on May 29, 1546, a group of Protestant conspirators stormed St. Andrews Castle. In a dramatic act of vengeance, they assassinated Cardinal Beaton, dragging him from his chamber and stabbing him to death before hanging his mutilated body from a window as a grim warning to his allies.

Wishart’s martyrdom became a rallying cry for the Protestant cause in Scotland. His teachings lived on through his followers, most notably John Knox, who had been one of his closest disciples. Knox, who would go on to lead the Scottish Reformation, was deeply influenced by Wishart’s fiery preaching and unwavering faith. When the Reformation finally took hold in Scotland in 1560, the Catholic Church was overthrown, and Protestantism became the country’s dominant faith.

Today, the site of Wishart’s execution in St. Andrews remains a place of historical significance. A small plaque marks the spot where he was burned, a solemn reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for religious change. His legacy endures in the history of the Scottish Reformation, a testament to the power of conviction and the price of standing up for one’s beliefs.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this look back at one of the most pivotal moments in Scotland’s Reformation. Don't forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events on This Day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-28/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I’m your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we turn our gaze to a momentous event that took place on February 28, 1638—an event that would shape Scotland’s political and religious landscape for generations to come. On this day, in the solemn grounds of Greyfriars Kirkyard in Edinburgh, a group of determined Scots put their names to the National Covenant, a bold declaration of faith and defiance against King Charles I’s attempts to impose Anglican practices on the Church of Scotland. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

By the early 17th century, Scotland was in turmoil. The Protestant Reformation had taken deep root in the country, and the people were fiercely protective of their Presbyterian system of church governance—where ministers were elected by congregations rather than appointed by bishops. King Charles I, however, was determined to bring Scotland’s church in line with the Anglican Church of England, with bishops under royal authority. For many Scots, this was not just an administrative change—it was an attack on their faith, their freedom, and their very identity.

Tensions reached a breaking point in 1637 when Charles introduced a new Book of Common Prayer, a move that was met with widespread outrage. In St. Giles’ Cathedral in Edinburgh, a woman named Jenny Geddes famously threw a stool at a minister’s head, sparking riots. Across the country, resistance grew, culminating in the creation of the National Covenant—a document that affirmed Scotland’s rejection of royal interference in church affairs and reaffirmed their commitment to Presbyterianism.

On February 28, 1638, thousands gathered at Greyfriars Kirkyard, one of Edinburgh’s most historic graveyards, to sign the Covenant. It was an extraordinary scene: nobles, ministers, and ordinary citizens alike, many of them weeping with emotion, came forward to put their names—or, for those who could not write, their marks—on this declaration. Some even signed in their own blood, a dramatic gesture of their unwavering commitment to the cause.

The Covenant sent shockwaves through Scotland and England. It marked the birth of the Covenanter movement, a powerful force that would shape the course of the British Civil Wars. For the next fifty years, Covenanters would fight, suffer persecution, and even face martyrdom to defend their right to worship as they believed.

The signing of the National Covenant was not just a moment of protest—it was a declaration of Scottish resilience, a defiant stand against tyranny, and a crucial chapter in the struggle for religious freedom. The echoes of that fateful day in Greyfriars Kirkyard can still be felt in Scotland’s history and identity today.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. If you enjoyed this look back at one of Scotland’s defining moments, don’t forget to check out my blog for more stories from the past at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable history. I’m Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events on This Day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-26/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we turn our attention to a groundbreaking scientific achievement that changed the course of warfare forever. On February 26, 1935, Scottish physicist and engineer Robert Watson-Watt successfully demonstrated the use of radar technology in what became known as the Daventry Experiment. This pivotal moment not only showcased the potential of radio waves in detecting aircraft but also set the stage for the development of one of the most crucial military technologies of the 20th century. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

Robert Watson-Watt was born in Brechin, Scotland, in 1892. A brilliant mind with a passion for physics and engineering, he dedicated his career to the study of radio waves. By the early 1930s, he was working for the British government on a project related to detecting thunderstorms using radio signals. However, as tensions in Europe escalated, military officials began exploring the idea of using similar technology to detect enemy aircraft—a concept that would later evolve into radar.

The breakthrough moment came in early 1935 when Watson-Watt and his assistant, Arnold Wilkins, conducted an experiment near the town of Daventry, England. Their goal was to prove that radio waves could detect the presence of an aircraft at a distance. To do this, they set up a radio transmitter and receiver, using the BBC’s shortwave radio station as the source of signals. A Handley Page Heyford bomber was flown through the test area, and as it passed through the radio waves, its presence was detected by the receiver. The experiment was a success—proof that aircraft could be located using radio signals.

This demonstration had enormous implications. At the time, the British government was looking for ways to defend the country against the growing threat of aerial bombardment from Nazi Germany. The success of Watson-Watt’s radar test convinced military leaders to invest in the technology, leading to the rapid development of radar stations across Britain. By the time World War II broke out in 1939, a network of radar stations known as "Chain Home" had been established along the coast, providing early warnings of incoming enemy aircraft.

The impact of radar on the war effort cannot be overstated. During the Battle of Britain in 1940, radar played a decisive role in helping the Royal Air Force (RAF) track and intercept German bombers. It allowed British pilots to be directed precisely where they were needed, conserving fuel and maximizing effectiveness. Without radar, the outcome of the battle—and perhaps even the war—could have been very different.

Watson-Watt’s contributions to military science earned him widespread recognition. In 1942, he was knighted for his work, and later in life, he received numerous accolades for his pioneering role in the development of radar. Yet, despite his success, he remained humble, once remarking that his invention was meant for defense rather than destruction.

Beyond its military applications, radar technology has transformed many aspects of modern life. Today, it is used in air traffic control, weather forecasting, navigation, and even speed enforcement on highways. Watson-Watt’s work laid the foundation for an entire field of technology that continues to evolve and shape the world.

As we look back on this day in 1935, we recognize not only a remarkable Scottish inventor but also a moment in history that forever changed the way nations defend themselves. Robert Watson-Watt’s legacy is one of innovation, foresight, and a deep understanding of how science can be used to protect lives.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this tale of scientific discovery and its profound impact on the world. Don’t forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events on This Day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-25/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we turn our eyes to the heavens and travel back to February 25, 1598, when the people of Edinburgh witnessed a total solar eclipse—an event that, in those days, was as terrifying as it was awe-inspiring. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

In our modern world, we understand eclipses as rare but predictable celestial events—caused by the Moon passing directly between the Earth and the Sun, temporarily plunging parts of the world into darkness. But in the late 16th century, astronomical knowledge was still developing, and for many in Scotland, a total eclipse was an omen—perhaps of divine displeasure, impending war, or even the end of days.

Imagine the scene in Edinburgh on that winter’s day. The people went about their daily business—merchants haggling in the bustling markets, scholars deep in study at the newly founded University of Edinburgh, and noblemen discussing affairs of state. But as the morning progressed, an eerie stillness would have settled over the city. The sky, instead of brightening as the sun climbed higher, would have begun to dim. Shadows stretched strangely, the light turning an unnatural shade, like the world itself was slipping into twilight. Then, the moment of totality—sudden and complete darkness. The temperature dropped, birds fell silent, and a hush would have swept through the streets as fear took hold.

Without the benefit of modern science, many would have turned to their faith for explanations. Some may have flocked to St. Giles’ Cathedral, falling to their knees in prayer, believing that God's judgment was at hand. Others, recalling old folk tales, might have feared the workings of witches or malevolent spirits. The more learned among them—those familiar with the astronomical theories of the time—may have recognized that the event was a natural occurrence, but even they couldn’t have fully predicted or explained it with the precision we can today.

Eclipses had long been viewed with superstition. Medieval chronicles often linked them to great disasters—plagues, wars, or the deaths of kings. Only a few decades earlier, in 1580, a similar eclipse had been recorded in England, and some had whispered that it foretold the Spanish Armada’s failed invasion. Even further back, ancient Scots and Picts might have regarded such celestial events as portents, with their druids and seers interpreting the darkness in ways lost to time.

For King James VI of Scotland, later to become James I of England, the eclipse of 1598 might have held special significance. James had a deep interest in both theology and the supernatural—he even wrote Daemonologie, a book on witchcraft and demonology. It’s not hard to imagine that the sudden blotting out of the sun would have intrigued, or perhaps unsettled, the scholarly king. Would he have seen it as a sign from God? A warning? Or merely a curiosity of the natural world?

We don’t know exactly how long the darkness lasted over Edinburgh, but totality would have only been a few minutes at most—yet in that brief span, the people of the city must have felt as though the world had shifted. Then, as quickly as it had vanished, the sunlight would have returned. Confusion would have given way to relief. The city resumed its daily life, but surely with whispers of what it all might have meant.

In the centuries that followed, Scotland would embrace scientific advancements, with figures like James Gregory, a 17th-century mathematician from Aberdeen, helping to pioneer early telescope designs. But in 1598, the eclipse remained a mystery—one that left an indelible mark on those who witnessed it.

Today, we look back on this event not with fear, but with fascination, recognizing it as a moment when nature momentarily defied human understanding. It’s a reminder of how far we’ve come in our grasp of the cosmos—and of the wonder that still fills us when day turns to night, even if just for a moment.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this glimpse into the past, where science, superstition, and spectacle collided. Don't forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events on This Day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-24/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we travel back to the 24th of February, 1303, when Scottish forces, against all odds, secured a stunning victory over the English at the Battle of Roslin. A battle often overlooked, yet one of the most dramatic encounters in the First War of Scottish Independence. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

By the early 14th century, Scotland was in turmoil. Edward I of England—known as the Hammer of the Scots—had made it his mission to subjugate Scotland. With much of the country under English control, resistance was scattered and struggling. But Scottish defiance had not been extinguished. In the winter of 1303, an English force numbering between 10,000 and 30,000 men, led by Sir John Segrave, marched north to strengthen England’s grip on Scotland.

Segrave’s army, overconfident in its size and power, camped near the village of Roslin, just south of Edinburgh. But they made a critical mistake—they split into three separate divisions, each stationed miles apart. The Scots, led by John Comyn, Guardian of Scotland, and the daring knight Simon Fraser, saw an opportunity. Though outnumbered, they knew the terrain and, more importantly, they had the element of surprise.

In the dead of night, the Scottish forces, possibly no more than 8,000 strong, advanced toward the first English encampment. At dawn, they struck. The sleeping English troops awoke to chaos as the Scots tore through their lines, cutting them down and scattering the survivors. The first division was annihilated. But the battle was far from over.

News of the attack reached the second English division, which quickly mobilized and marched to confront the Scots. But Comyn and Fraser, knowing they couldn't afford a prolonged fight, used the landscape to their advantage. They lured the English into a narrow valley, where the larger force struggled to maneuver. Then, with ruthless efficiency, the Scots counterattacked, crushing the second division just as they had the first.

By now, the third and final English division had been alerted and was closing in fast. Exhausted but emboldened, the Scots braced themselves for yet another brutal confrontation. And once again, through superior tactics and sheer determination, they routed the English forces for a third and final time. Against all odds, the Scots had turned what should have been an impossible fight into a staggering victory.

The Battle of Roslin was a remarkable triumph, showcasing the resilience and ingenuity of the Scots. But despite the scale of the victory, it was ultimately overshadowed by the greater reality of the war. Edward I remained a dominant force, and just a year later, he would launch an overwhelming campaign that brought Scotland to its knees.

Still, the battle holds an important place in Scottish history. It was a moment when, even in the face of overwhelming adversity, Scotland proved that it would never surrender easily. The warriors of Roslin fought with a ferocity that would inspire generations to come, reminding the world that Scotland’s fight for independence was far from over.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this tale of strategy, bravery, and defiance. Don't forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events on This Day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-23/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we turn back the pages to the year 664, when St. Boisel, the revered prior of Melrose Abbey, passed away. His name might not be as widely known as some other figures in Scottish history, but his influence echoes through time, particularly in his impact on one of the most venerated saints of Northumbria and Scotland—St. Cuthbert. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

In the 7th century, Scotland and Northumbria were lands deeply shaped by faith. Christianity was still spreading, carried by dedicated monks and priests who lived austere, disciplined lives in remote monastic communities. Among these early centers of devotion, Melrose Abbey held a special place. It was not the great stone abbey that would later be built in the 12th century, but rather a simple wooden structure on the banks of the River Tweed, following the austere traditions of the Celtic church.

Boisel was the second prior of this early monastery, following in the footsteps of St. Aidan, the missionary bishop who had been instrumental in converting the Northumbrians to Christianity. Boisel was not a man of political power or military might—his influence lay in his wisdom, humility, and dedication to spiritual learning. He was deeply respected by his fellow monks, sought after for guidance, and known for his prophetic insight.

One of Boisel’s greatest contributions to history was his mentorship of a young novice named Cuthbert. Legend tells us that when Cuthbert first arrived at Melrose, Boisel immediately recognized his potential, telling his fellow monks that this young man would go on to achieve great things. Under Boisel’s instruction, Cuthbert embraced the monastic life, dedicating himself to prayer, study, and acts of charity. His training at Melrose would set him on the path to becoming one of the most beloved saints of the medieval British Isles.

But Boisel was not just a teacher—he was a healer, known for his acts of kindness and his ability to comfort the sick. It is said that he had a gift of prophecy, foreseeing both his own death and the destiny of his pupil Cuthbert. When the plague swept through the monastery in the early 660s, Boisel was one of its victims. Knowing his time was short, he used his final days to pass on his wisdom to Cuthbert, encouraging him to continue his mission of faith.

After Boisel’s passing, Cuthbert did indeed rise to prominence, becoming the prior of Lindisfarne, a hermit, and eventually a saint. His legacy outshone that of his teacher, but Boisel was never forgotten. The village of St. Boswells in the Scottish Borders still bears his name, a quiet tribute to the humble monk whose life of devotion shaped one of the greatest figures in Scotland’s religious history.

Today, little remains of the early Melrose Abbey where Boisel once walked, but his story endures. He represents the quiet strength of faith in Scotland’s early history, the power of mentorship, and the idea that true influence is not measured in wealth or conquest, but in the lives we touch and the wisdom we share.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this journey into Scotland’s early monastic past. Don't forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another tale from Scotland’s rich and fascinating history. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events on This Day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-22/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we travel back to February 22, 1452, to witness one of the most shocking and treacherous acts in Scotland’s medieval history—the brutal murder of William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, at the hands of King James II. This act of royal bloodshed would plunge Scotland into further turmoil, setting the stage for a bitter struggle between the crown and the powerful House of Douglas. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

By the mid-15th century, Scotland was a land divided. King James II, a young and ambitious monarch, found his authority constantly challenged by the noble families who had grown powerful during the instability of previous reigns. Chief among them was the mighty House of Douglas, whose wealth, influence, and military strength rivaled that of the king himself. The Douglases had been a dominant force in Scottish politics for generations, often acting as kingmakers—and sometimes kingbreakers.

William Douglas, the 8th Earl, inherited this vast power at a time when the relationship between the crown and the Douglas family was growing increasingly hostile. He formed alliances with other noble families, including the Earl of Ross and the Lord of the Isles, strengthening his position against the king. But to James II, this was nothing short of treason. He saw these pacts as a direct challenge to royal authority, a dangerous rebellion in the making. Something had to be done.

In early 1452, James II decided to take matters into his own hands. He invited William Douglas to Stirling Castle, promising him safe conduct—a guarantee that he could attend without fear of harm. This was a common diplomatic tool in medieval politics, meant to ensure trust. And so, the Earl of Douglas, believing in the king’s word, arrived at the royal court. He could not have known that he was walking into a death trap.

The meeting between James and Douglas was tense from the start. The king demanded that Douglas break his alliances, particularly his pact with the Lord of the Isles. Douglas, ever defiant, refused. He was a proud man, unwilling to submit to the will of a king who, in his eyes, was attempting to diminish the power of Scotland’s great noble houses. But James II, known for his fiery temper, would not accept defiance in his own hall.

What happened next was an explosion of royal rage. In a fit of fury, James II seized a dagger and plunged it into Douglas’s chest. Shocked and wounded, the Earl staggered back. But the attack was far from over. James’s courtiers, seeing their king strike, followed suit, drawing their own weapons and hacking Douglas to death right there in the royal chamber. Once the deed was done, Douglas’s lifeless body was unceremoniously hurled from a window into the castle courtyard below—a brutal display of royal vengeance.

The murder of William Douglas sent shockwaves across Scotland. Far from crushing the Douglas power, it ignited further rebellion. The Douglas family, outraged by the king’s treachery, took up arms against James II, leading to a bloody civil conflict. For years to come, the struggle between the crown and the Douglas faction would shape Scottish politics, with battles, betrayals, and shifting alliances defining the era.

James II, for his part, may have eliminated a personal rival, but his actions also cemented his reputation as a ruthless and unpredictable ruler. Though he would eventually succeed in breaking the power of the Black Douglases, it came at a great cost, leaving Scotland divided and unstable.

Today, the murder of the 8th Earl of Douglas remains one of the most infamous moments in Scottish history—a stark reminder of the brutal, often dangerous nature of medieval politics, where power was never truly secure, and even a king’s promise of safety could not be trusted.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this tale of betrayal, ambition, and bloody vengeance. Don't forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events at - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-21/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we journey back to the dark night of February 21, 1437—a night of treachery, betrayal, and bloodshed that would change the course of Scottish history forever. This was the night King James I of Scotland was assassinated in one of the most brutal murders ever to shake the Scottish throne. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

By the early 15th century, James I had been ruling Scotland for over three decades, but his reign was marked by tension. He was a capable but unpopular king, known for his strict rule, heavy taxation, and ruthless suppression of rivals. His policies angered many, but none more so than the powerful Albany Stewarts, a faction that had once controlled Scotland in James’s absence. For nearly two decades, while James was held captive in England, the Albany Stewarts had governed Scotland as virtual rulers. When James finally returned in 1424, he moved quickly to reclaim power, dismantling their influence and executing their leader, Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany. The surviving members of the family, along with their allies, nursed a deep grudge.

Enter Sir Robert Graham, a noble with his own reasons for hating James. Graham had once been a loyal subject, but James’s increasingly authoritarian rule turned him into a bitter enemy. When Graham openly defied the king in parliament and was imprisoned for it, his fate was sealed. Swearing vengeance, he escaped, gathered a group of conspirators, and began plotting the king’s murder.

By February 1437, James and his court were staying at the Blackfriars monastery in Perth. It was meant to be a time of peace, away from the intrigues of Edinburgh. But Graham and his men had other plans. On the night of February 21, the assassins infiltrated the monastery, aided by a traitorous servant who removed the bars from the king’s chamber door. As the conspirators stormed in, James tried to escape. He knew the monastery well—there had once been a sewer tunnel leading out of the building. But in an unfortunate twist of fate, James had ordered it sealed just days before to prevent tennis balls from getting lost during games. His only route to safety was gone.

Trapped in a vault beneath the floorboards, James fought for his life. Armed with nothing but his bare hands, he struggled against the assassins, but the odds were insurmountable. Graham and his men stabbed him repeatedly—some accounts say as many as 30 times. The king’s cries for help echoed through the monastery, but no rescue came in time.

Above, Queen Joan fought desperately to protect her husband. She was wounded in the chaos but managed to escape with their young son, the future James II. In the aftermath, the queen took swift action, ensuring that justice was served. She rallied loyal nobles and ordered a brutal crackdown on the conspirators. One by one, they were hunted down and executed in gruesome fashion. Robert Graham, the man who had personally killed the king, suffered a particularly horrific death—tortured for days before being torn apart.

James I’s assassination sent shockwaves through Scotland. His death left a power vacuum, and the kingdom teetered on the brink of instability. But Queen Joan and her allies secured the throne for James II, ensuring the survival of the Stuart dynasty. Despite his many flaws, James I had been a significant ruler—an ambitious reformer who sought to strengthen the monarchy and centralize power. His death was a reminder of the dangerous game of politics in medieval Scotland, where loyalty could shift in an instant, and betrayal often came from within.

The murder of James I remains one of Scotland’s most infamous regicides—a story of ambition, revenge, and the brutal realities of medieval rule. His legacy is one of both strength and controversy, a king whose vision for Scotland ultimately led to his downfall.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. If you enjoyed this tale of treachery and royal intrigue, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday for more fascinating historical events. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More Events on this day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-20/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we travel back to February 20, 1472, a day that forever changed the map of Scotland. It was on this day that the islands of Orkney and Shetland were officially annexed by Scotland under an Act of Parliament, ending centuries of Norse rule and bringing these northern isles into the Scottish realm. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

For much of the medieval period, Orkney and Shetland were not part of Scotland at all. Instead, they belonged to the Kingdom of Norway, part of the wider Norse world that stretched across the North Sea. The islands had been under Norse control since the Viking Age, and their culture, language, and governance were deeply rooted in Scandinavian traditions. But in the 15th century, political maneuvering and royal marriages would bring them under Scottish rule.

The story begins with a royal union between Scotland and Denmark-Norway. In 1468, King Christian I of Denmark and Norway arranged for his daughter, Princess Margaret, to marry James III of Scotland. Such marriages were common among European royalty, designed to strengthen alliances and secure peace. However, as was the custom, a marriage of this importance required a dowry—a substantial payment from the bride’s family to the groom. Christian I agreed to pay 60,000 Rhenish florins as Margaret’s dowry, but he quickly ran into a problem: he didn’t have the money.

To secure the marriage despite his financial troubles, Christian pledged the Orkney Islands as security for 50,000 florins. When that still wasn’t enough, he added Shetland as collateral for the remaining 8,000. The agreement was clear: if Christian could repay the debt, Norway would retain its claim over the islands. But if he failed to pay, Scotland would keep them permanently.

As the years passed, Christian was unable to gather the funds to redeem Orkney and Shetland. Scotland, seeing an opportunity to solidify its hold, wasted no time. On February 20, 1472, the Scottish Parliament officially annexed the islands, declaring them part of the Scottish Crown. With the stroke of a pen, the northernmost territories of Scotland expanded dramatically.

For the people of Orkney and Shetland, the transition to Scottish rule was not immediate or absolute. Their Norse way of life, from language to legal traditions, persisted for generations. The islands’ legal system, known as udal law, continued to be practiced for centuries, reflecting their Viking heritage. Even today, echoes of Norse culture remain in local dialects, place names, and festivals such as Up Helly Aa, the famous Shetland fire festival that celebrates Viking heritage.

The annexation of Orkney and Shetland was a significant moment in Scottish history. It not only reshaped the kingdom’s geography but also strengthened Scotland’s position in the North Atlantic. The strategic importance of the islands, controlling key maritime routes, meant that Scotland gained greater influence over trade and defense in the region.

However, Norway never officially renounced its claim to the islands. Over the centuries, there have been occasional discussions about their status, and even today, some Orcadians and Shetlanders take pride in their Norse heritage, sometimes questioning whether they are more Scandinavian than Scottish.

The story of how Scotland acquired Orkney and Shetland is a fascinating example of how history can be shaped by financial troubles, political marriages, and the simple inability to pay a debt. What started as a temporary arrangement became a permanent shift, one that continues to influence the identity of these remarkable islands.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this look at how Scotland gained its northern isles. Don't forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com

More events from this day - https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/thisday/february-19/

Welcome back to This Day in Scottish History. I'm your host, Colin MacDonald. Today, we journey back to a cold February night in 1314, when a cunning and fearless Scottish knight, Sir James Douglas—better known as the "Black Douglas"—executed one of the most audacious attacks of the Wars of Scottish Independence: the capture of Roxburgh Castle. And if you’re curious about other fascinating events that happened on this day in history, be sure to check out my blog at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. The link will be in the description!

By the early 14th century, Scotland was locked in a brutal struggle for independence against England. King Edward I, known as the "Hammer of the Scots," had spent years trying to bring Scotland under English rule, and his son, Edward II, continued the campaign. Castles were the key to control, and Roxburgh Castle, perched on the River Tweed, was one of the most formidable strongholds in the Scottish Borders. It was held by an English garrison, serving as a crucial outpost for Edward’s forces. If Robert the Bruce wanted to solidify his claim to the throne, he needed to dismantle English power—one castle at a time.

Enter James Douglas. A loyal supporter of Bruce and a warrior feared by the English, Douglas had already made a name for himself with his ruthless guerrilla tactics. His ability to strike swiftly, destroy enemy strongholds, and disappear into the rugged Scottish landscape earned him a fearsome reputation. He was so dreaded by the English that mothers were said to silence their unruly children with the phrase, "Hush! The Black Douglas will get you!" But the challenge of capturing Roxburgh was immense. The castle's defenses were strong, and a direct assault would have been suicidal. So Douglas and his men turned to deception.

Legend has it that under the cover of darkness, Douglas and his men disguised themselves—some say as cattle, others say as humble peasants draped in black cloaks to blend into the night. Slowly, carefully, they crept closer to the fortress, undetected by the English guards who, at the time, were distracted by their Shrovetide celebrations—an evening of feasting and drinking before Lent. The revelry and false sense of security would be their undoing.

When they reached the castle walls, Douglas’s men revealed their true intent. Using rope ladders, they scaled the battlements and took the English completely by surprise. The garrison, caught in a drunken stupor, was in no state to mount an effective defense. The Scots unleashed swift and brutal force, cutting down the defenders and securing the fortress for Scotland.

The capture of Roxburgh Castle was more than just a tactical victory. It was a demoralizing blow to the English and a key moment in Robert the Bruce’s campaign. The timing was critical—just months later, in June 1314, Bruce would face Edward II at the Battle of Bannockburn, the decisive confrontation that would cement Scottish independence. The fall of Roxburgh weakened English supply lines and morale, setting the stage for Bruce’s greatest triumph.

But Douglas’s legendary exploits didn’t end there. In the years that followed, he continued to harass the English, capturing key locations and striking fear into enemy ranks. His ability to outthink and outmaneuver the English made him one of the most effective warriors of the war.

As for Roxburgh Castle itself, Bruce ordered its destruction to prevent it from ever falling back into English hands. It was never fully rebuilt, and today, its ruins stand as a silent testament to that daring night when the Black Douglas and his warriors struck fear into the hearts of their enemies.

The story of Roxburgh Castle’s capture is just one of many daring exploits in Scotland’s long fight for independence. It was a time of immense struggle, but also of incredible resilience. Men like Robert the Bruce and James Douglas refused to accept defeat, shaping the course of Scottish history forever.

Thank you for joining me today on This Day in Scottish History. I hope you’ve enjoyed this tale of strategy, bravery, and a little bit of deception. Don't forget to check out my blog for more historical events at https://bagtownclans.com/thisday. Tune in tomorrow for another journey through Scotland’s remarkable past. I'm Colin MacDonald—Haste Ye Back!

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bagtown.substack.com