A long-term study (1981 – 2000) of the epidemic situation of urolithiasis in cats in Europe is presented in the first part of the work. Altogether 1.797 urinary stone analyses were established with the help of infrared spectroscopy of cats. It was struvite that was most often registered (64,2 %), followed by calcium oxalate (26 %). Proteine stones (1 %) were proved only within our investigation. The following breeds were mainly presented: European Shorthair (i. e. domestic shorthair) on the basis of their share in the whole population and Persian because of their predisposition to urolithi-asis. Calcium oxalate incidence increased from 2,2 – 5 % (1981 – 1990) to 33 % during the period of 1991 – 2000. Especially Persian, Chartreux, British Blue, Birman, Exotic Shorthair, Himalayan, Burmese, Somali und Ragdoll are susceptible to calcium oxalate formation. The average age of all involved cats was about 6,85 concerning female cats and 6,47 concerning male cats, the weight ─ about 5 kg for female cats and 5,4 kg ─ for male cats. More than 50 % of pets (according to the information given by the treating veterinary surgeons) were obese. During the investigation 55,1 % male and 44,9 % female cats were registered. The amount of castrated cats made up 88,8 %. The average rate of relapse of all kinds of urinary stones was about 27,6 %. The urinary calculi were located mainly in the bladder and/or in the urethra. The surgical ablation took place in 82,8 % of cases. 77,9 % of urinary stones were accompanied by lower urinary tract inflammation. In 91 % of cases it was the matter of infection. Most of the examined cats were fed with dry- (30,1 %) or canned- and dry food. It is importatant to underline that 42 % of all calcium oxalate stone patients were given only dry food. The urinary stones appeared in 40 % either as pure urinary semolina or as the combination of semolina and urinary stones.
In the second part of this work 142 spontaneous urine samples of healthy cats were quantitatively analysed and statistically evaluated. Thus the referential area for the following urinary parameters of cats (relevant to calculus formation) was made: calcium, oxalic acid, magnesium, citric acid, phosphate, natrium, kalium, ammonium, sulphate, chlorine, uric acid, creatinine, urea, specific gravity, urinary pH and glyco-saminoglycan (GAG). And besides the relative supersaturation with calcium oxalate (RSCaOx = 1,63) and struvite (RSStru = 0,451) were assessed on the basis of urinary analyses with the help of EQUIL 2.
Synthetic urine was produced on the basis of the established data (in the origi-nal research) of the composition of native cat’s urine. It was used for the crystallization tests of the formation of urinary stones in cats. The synthetic urine for cats consisted of the following components: calcium, oxalic acid, magnesium, citric acid, phosphate, natrium, kalium, ammonium, sulphate, chlorine, uric acid, creatinine and urea. The artificial urine did not possess any tendency to an independent change and was well reproductive.
It was checked with the help of the synthetic cat’s urine in 3 test models the
influence of the most important for stone formation substances (calcium, oxalate und magnesium) within their physiological arias in connection with urinary pH on the urolith formation. The results were presented in diagrams.
The increase of the concentration of calcium in the carried out tests resulted in no calcium oxalate crystallization. However, just a small rise of oxalate (from [Ox] = 1,8 mmol/l) in acidic milieu (from pH = 5,5) caused the formation of calcium oxalate. The rise of magnesium concentration (over [Mg] = 3 mmol/l) prevented the formation of calcium oxalate. On average the crystallization of calcium oxalate in “oxalate-” and “magnesium model” began at RSCaOx = 6,65 ± 0,44 (EQUIL 2). The maximum RSCaOx, the synthetic cat’s urine could achieve without becoming solid, was 6,0 ± 0,32.
Regardless of the concentration of the subs