The use of force by police has been in the news a lot lately, in connection to everything from protests on college campuses to the death of individuals during arrests. There’s no singular, shared definition of what use of force is according to the National Institute of Justice. A local police department will set a standard, but that threshold for when an office should use force varies from place to place. Having no standard set of rules or definitions makes it difficult for researchers to study the issue. That’s the focus of this episode of Stats and Stories with guest Claire Kelling.

Claire Kelling is an assistant professor of statistics at Carleton College. She’s an expert on data and statistics in relation to police use of force and says her work sits "at the intersection of criminology and spatial statistics". Kelling organized the 2023 Ingram Olkin Forum on Statistical Challenges in the Analysis of Police Use of Force. Five articles from that forum appeared in a special themed section of December’s issue of Chance including several authored or co-authored by Kelling.