Trepanation is an ancient surgical procedure in which an opening is fashioned through the human skull, exposing the outer dura mater of the brain to the direct environment.

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Trepanation dates back to the Neolithic era (pre-historic period) and is the oldest surgical procedure that archaeological evidence exists for.

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It is believed that ancient cultures used this surgical intervention to ward off or release evil spirits. However, some evidence suggests that trepanation was also a primitive emergency surgery to treat head wounds.

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Shockingly, trepanation was used cross-culturally throughout ancient history. Evidence of trepanation has been discovered in areas associated with ancient China, pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, pre-modern Europe, and medieval East Africa (among others).

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In modern times, certain bizarre subcultures and pseudo-scientific movements believe trepanation can result in more alertness, heightened perceptions, increased drive, and feelings of peace. These individuals believe drilling a hole in their own skull has psychological benefits and choose to “self-trepanate” themselves.

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Herein, we discuss the history associated with trepanation, the archaeological evidence, as well as the modern usage of trepanation by fringe subcultures in modern times.

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What say you?