TV AGRO

Twitter @juangangel

More than 59,000 wild animals are illegally captured each year in Colombia and smuggled to Bogota, a city that has become a hub for the exotic species trade.

In 2012 alone, Colombia's environmental police rescued 46,637 illegally trafficked animals, a trade that brings in about 64 billion pesos (about $35 million) a year, according to a report by Colombian daily ADN.

Vendors paint the animals in bright colors and declaw them to make them more attractive to buyers, the ADN report highlights. Colombia's birds, snakes, and other exotic species are usually sold as pets, luxury food items, aphrodisiacs, or remedies in alternative medicine.

According to ADN, the most frequently trafficked animals outside of Colombia include the orange-chinned parakeet (at least 400 rescued per year in Bogota), much in demand due to its ability to imitate speech, the "icotea" freshwater tortoise (350 rescued a year), and the yellow-crowned parrot (some 320 rescued per year).

In one indication of the sheer size of Colombia's illicit wildlife trade, Bogota's main wildlife rehabilitation center reports receiving some 350 animals each month. Only about 15 percent of these are successfully reintegrated back into the wild. The rest stay in captivity, donated to zoos or parks.

Not only do the illegally trafficked animals supply a domestic market within Colombia, they are also smuggled to Europe, the United States, and Asia. Worldwide, illegal animal sales garner some $20 billion a year, according to estimates by Interpol.

InSight Crime Analysis

Exotic animal trafficking is the world's third largest illicit trade after drug and weapons. In Colombia, the trade is particularly well established thanks to the biodiversity of areas like the Eastern Plains and the Amazon, which provide smugglers ready access to animals which fetch a high price in the global black market.

Animal smugglers also rely on the same well-established movement corridors used to transport drug shipments, as a 2009 report by Reuters highlighted. Drug traffickers supplement their profits by taxing animal smugglers in exchange for using the same smuggling routes, or may even use the animals to help hide the drug shipments.

Not only are animal and drug smuggling routes often the same, but drug leaders often use exotic beasts as power symbols. One Zetas leader, borrowing a page from Pablo Escobar's African hippos, allegedly housed two lions and a tiger

Vea Mas información en es.wikipedia.org

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

La acuicultura es el conjunto de actividades, técnicas y conocimientos de crianza de especies acuáticas vegetales y animales. Es una importante actividad económica de producción de alimentos,1 materias primas de uso industrial y farmacéutico, y organismos vivos para repoblación u ornamentación.2 3

Los sistemas de cultivo son muy diversos, de agua dulce4 o agua de mar,5 y desde el cultivo directamente en el medio hasta instalaciones bajo condiciones totalmente controladas. Los cultivos más habituales corresponden a organismos planctónicos (microalgas6 y Artemia), macroalgas, moluscos y crustáceos, los profesionales encargados de esta labor son los Zootecnistas, Ingenieros Acuícolas y los Biólogos Marinos

El término Camaronicultura hace referencia al cultivo de camarones, pero el uso de los nombres comunes puede llevar a confusión, ya que sobre todo en lo que respecta a camarones y a langostinos, no se siguen los mismos criterios en todos los países. Lo que en España se conoce como "langostinos" se corresponden a los "camarones" de países de América y de Asia, es decir, a crustáceos de la familia Penaeidae. Los crustáceos que en Chile reciben el nombre de langostinos ni siquiera son del grupo de macruros nadadores.

Actualmente, la tendencia en Latinoamérica es llamar a las especies de la familia Penaeidae "camarones peneidos marinos" o simplemente "camarones", mientras que llaman "langostinos" a las especies de agua dulce de la familia Palaemonidae.

Vea Mas información en es.wikipedia.org

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

Giron - Santander Colombia

Sewage treatment may also be referred to as wastewater treatment, although the latter is a broader term which can also be applied to purely industrial wastewater. For most cities, the sewer system will also carry a proportional of industrial effluent to the sewage treatment plant which has usually received pretreatment at the factories themselves to reduce the pollutant load. If the sewer system is a combined sewer then it will also carry urban runoff (stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant.

The total mass of organic matter (measured as biochemical oxygen demand) discharged to receiving water bodies is equal to the discharge concentration times the flow volume.

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater (or treated effluent). A by-product of sewage treatment is usually a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge, that has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or land application.

Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards.

Treating wastewater has the aim to produce an effluent that will do as little harm as possible when discharged to the surrounding environment, thereby preventing pollution compared to releasing untreated wastewater into the environment.[5]

Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.

Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Some sewage treatment plants that are connected to a combined sewer system have a bypass arrangement after the primary treatment unit. This means that during very heavy rainfall events, the secondary and tertiary treatment systems can be bypassed to protect them from hydraulic overloading, and the mixture of sewage and stormwater only receives primary treatment.

Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne micro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment.

Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as anything more than primary and secondary treatment in order to allow rejection into a highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem (estuaries, low-flow rivers, coral reefs,...). Treated water is sometimes disinfected chemically or physically (for example, by lagoons and microfiltration) prior to discharge into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.

More info at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_...

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

The Flowers Festival (Spanish: Feria de las Flores) is a festival that takes place in Medellín, Colombia. The festival is the most important social event for the city and there is a pageant, automobiles, a Paso Fino horse parade and many musical concerts.

History

the Paso Fino cavalcade

The first The Flowers Festival took place on May 1, 1957 and was organized by Arturo Uribe, a member of the Board of the Office of Development and Tourism. The festival lasted for five days with an exposition of flowers displayed in the Metropolitan Cathedral, which was organized by the Gardening Club of Medellín and monsignor Tulio Botero to celebrate Virgin Mary day. This flower parade represents the end of slavery when slaves carried men and women on their backs up steep hills instead of flowers. The first silleteros parade also took place with some 40 men from the corregimiento of Santa Elena carrying on their backs flower arrangements to the exposition site.[1][2]

The festival initially took place during the month of May but was changed to August in 1958 to celebrate the independence of Antioquia. Since then, other events have been added like the International Pageant of the Flowers, the cavalcade, Guinness Records in 1996 and 1999, classic automobiles parade, Orchids exposition, among others

In 1999 during its first edition, the festival reached 482 silleteros participants.[3] The 2006 edition also featured a new category of silleteros as spokeswomen for the Convention Center Bureau of Madrid Maria Isabel Lopez mentioned "these are the Pioneers, who will show all their Silletas making experience, but will not participate in the contest".[4] Some 50 peasants will carry the silletas, 260 featuring traditional arrangements, 50 with commercial propaganda and 28 from the new Pioneer category. As in previous years, the Mayor of Medellín sponsored the awards of the Silleteros contest. In 2006, there were a total of 260 awards, selected and given by three juries

More info at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festiva...

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

The use of dogs in search and rescue (SAR) is a valuable component in wilderness tracking, natural disasters, mass casualty events, and in locating missing people. Dedicated handlers and well-trained dogs are required for the use of dogs to be effective in search efforts. Search and rescue dogs are typically worked, by a small team on foot, but can be worked from horseback.

Search and rescue dogs detect human scent. Although the exact processes are still researched, it may include skin rafts (scent-carrying skin cells that drop off living humans at a rate of about 40,000 cells per minute),[1] evaporated perspiration, respiratory gases, or decomposition gases released by bacterial action on human skin or tissues.

From their training and experience, search and rescue dogs can be classified broadly as either airscenting dogs or trailing (and tracking) dogs. They also can be classified according to whether they scent discriminate, and under what conditions they can work. Scent discriminating dogs have proven their ability to alert only on the scent of an individual person, after being given a sample of that person's scent. Non-scent discriminating dogs alert on or follow any scent of a given type, such as any human scent or any cadaver scent. SAR dogs can be trained specifically for rubble searches, for water searches, and for avalanche searches.

Air-scenting

Air-scenting dogs primarily use airborne human scent to home in on subjects, whereas trailing dogs rely on scent of the specific subject. Air-scenting dogs typically work off-lead, are usually, though not always, non-scent-discriminating (e.g., locate scent from any human as opposed to a specific person), and cover large areas of terrain. These dogs are trained to follow diffused or wind-borne scent back to its source, then to indicate their find (for example, by sitting with the lost party and barking until the handler arrives, or by returning to the handler and indicating contact with the subject, and then lead the handler back to the subject). Handler technique, terrain, environment (vegetation), and atmospheric conditions (wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and sky conditions) determine the area covered by air-scenting dogs, although a typical search area may be 40–160 acres and scent sources can be detected from a distance of 1/4 mile or more. Although other breeds can be trained for air-scenting, the prototypical air-scenting dog is a herding (e.g., German or Belgian Shepherd Dogs, Border Collies) or sporting (e.g., Tollers, Golden, Labradors or Springier Spaniels.) breed that has a reputation for working closely and in coordination with a human handler.

More info at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_...

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas in temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and montane grasslands and shrublands biomes, characterised by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils. Moorland nowadays generally means uncultivated hill land (such as Dartmoor in South West England), but the Old English mōr also refers to low-lying wetlands (such as Sedgemoor, also SW England). It is closely related to heath although experts disagree on precisely what distinguishes the types of vegetation. Generally, moor refers to highland, high rainfall zones, whereas heath refers to lowland zones which are more likely to be the result of human activity.[1]

Moorland habitats are most extensive in the neotropics and tropical Africa but also occur in northern and western Europe, Northern Australia, North America, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Most of the world's moorlands are very diverse ecosystems. In the extensive moorlands of the tropics biodiversity can be extremely high. Moorland also bears a relationship to tundra (where the subsoil is permafrost or permanently frozen soil),[1] appearing as the tundra retreats and inhabiting the area between the permafrost and the natural tree zone. The boundary between tundra and moorland constantly shifts with climate change.

Vea Mas información en es.wikipedia.org

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

A draft horse (US), draught horse (UK and Commonwealth) or dray horse (from the Old English dragan meaning "to draw or haul"; compare Dutch dragen and German tragen meaning "to carry"), less often called a carthorse, work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred to be a working animal doing hard tasks such as plowing and other farm labor. There are a number of breeds, with varying characteristics, but all share common traits of strength, patience, and a docile temperament which made them indispensable to generations of pre-industrial farmers.

Draft horses and draft crossbreds are versatile breeds used today for a multitude of purposes, including farming, draft horse showing, logging, recreation, and other uses. They are also commonly used for crossbreeding, especially to light riding breeds such as the Thoroughbred, for the purpose of creating sport horses. While most draft horses are used for driving, they can be ridden and some of the lighter draft breeds are capable performers under saddle.

Draft horses are recognizable by their tall stature and extremely muscular build. In general, they tend to have a more upright shoulder, producing more upright movement and conformation that is well-suited for pulling. They tend to have broad, short backs with powerful hindquarters, again best suited for the purpose of pulling. Additionally, the draft breeds usually have heavy bone, and a good deal of feathering on their lower legs. Many have a straight profile or "Roman nose" (a convex profile). Draft breeds range from approximately 16 to 19 hands high and from 1,400 to 2,000 lb (640 to 910 kg).

Draft horses crossbred on light riding horses adds height and weight to the ensuing offspring, and may increase the power and "scope" of the animal's movement.

The largest horse in recorded history was probably a Shire named Mammoth, who was born in 1848. He stood 21.2 hands (86 inches, 218 cm) high, and his peak weight was estimated at 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb, about 1.47 tons).[1] At over 19 hands (76 inches, 193 cm), a Shire gelding named Goliath was the Guinness Book of World Records record holder for the world's tallest horse until his death in 2001

History

Humans domesticated horses and needed them to perform a variety of duties. One type of horse-powered work was the hauling of heavy loads, plowing fields, and other tasks that required pulling ability. A heavy, calm, patient, well-muscled animal was desired for this work. Conversely, a light, more energetic horse was needed for riding and rapid transport. Thus, to the extent possible, a certain amount of selective breeding was used to develop different types of horse for different types of work.

Extracting logs with a Clydesdale at Eglinton Country Park in Scotland.

It is a common misunderstanding that the Destrier that carried the armoured knight of the Middle Ages had the size and conformation of a modern draft horse, and some of these Medieval war horses may have provided some bloodlines for some of the modern draft breeds. The reality was that the high-spirited, quick-moving Destrier was closer to the size, build, and temperament of a modern Andalusian or Friesian. There also were working farm horses of more phlegmatic temperaments used for pulling military wagons or performing ordinary farm work also provided bloodlines of the modern draft horse. Records indicate that even medieval drafts were not as large as those today. Of the modern draft breeds, the Percheron probably has the closest ties to the medieval war horse.[3]

These Shire horses are used to pull a brewery dray delivering beer to pubs in England. In this picture, members of the public are being given a ride.

By the 19th century, horses weighing more than 1600 pounds that also moved at a quick pace were in demand. Tall stature, muscular backs, and powerful hindquarters made the draft horse a source of “horsepower” for farming, hauling freight and moving passengers, particularly before railroads came on the scene. Even in the 20th century, draft horses were used for practical work, including over half a million used during World War I to support the military effort.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, thousands of draft horses were imported from Western Europe into the United States. Percherons came from France, Belgians from Belgium, Shires from England, Clydesdales from Scotland. Many American draft registries were founded in the late 19th century. The Percheron, with 40,000 broodmares registered as of 1915, was America’s most numerous draft breed at the turn of the 20th century.[3] A breed developed exclusively in the U.S. was the American Cream Draft, which had a stud book established by the 1930s.

More info at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_h...

Juan Gonzalo Angel

Twitter @juangangel

Cuando sólo existían caminos reales y se arreaba el ganado de Yopal a Villavicencio, cuando existían los llaneros recios, verdaderos centauros del llano, hombres de toro, caballo y soga, héroes anónimos de nuestra patria pioneros de lo que hoy se conoce como la vaquería.

Largas faenas ponían a prueba las destrezas de fuertes hombres que dejaban el alma en algo más que un trabajo. A lo mejor, porque para ellos no era una pesada carga, sino un estilo de vida. Con sus sombreros y sus alpargatas iban a meterle el pecho al llano, a tragárselo montados sobre un caballo y con un escapulario por corazón.

Llaneros que vibraban en las corrientes de los ríos, en la explosión de los truenos, en el galope del potro y en el bramar de las vacas. Aquí está Otoniel Castañeda, más conocido en el llano casanarense como “El Gran Llanerazo”, un cowboy criollo de hablado recio que sobre su caballo y sin zapatos o cotizas, nos habla de la vaquería. Una profesión que desde pequeño aprendió de sus mayores y que hoy difunde como legado de nuestra cultura.

Vea Mas información en es.wikipedia.org

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

La palma de aceite es el cultivo oleaginoso que mayor cantidad de aceite produce por unidad de superficie. Con un contenido del 50% en el fruto, puede rendir de 3.000 a 5.000 Kg de aceite de pulpa por hectárea, más 600 a 1.000 Kg de aceite de palmiste.

Su lugar de origen está localizado a lo largo del Golfo de Guinea y se extiende hasta 15° de latitud norte y sur.

La producción mundial de aceite de palma se calcula en más de 3.000 millones de toneladas métricas. Los principales países productores son Malasia, Nigeria, Indonesia, Zaire y Costa de Marfil, y otros países africanos y sudamericanos.

Además de su alto rendimiento por unidad de superficie, la palma de aceite es importante por la gran variedad de productos que genera, los cuales se utilizan en la alimentación y la industria. Tanto el aceite de pulpa como el de almendra se emplean para producir margarina, manteca, aceite de mesa y de cocina, y jabones. El aceite de pulpa se usa en la fabricación de acero inoxidable, concentrados minerales, aditivos para lubricantes, crema para zapatos, tinta de imprenta, velas. Se usa también en la industria textil y de cuero, en la laminación de acero y aluminio, en la trefilación de metales y en la producción de ácidos grasos y vitamina A.

Vea Mas información en http://www.angelfire.com/biz2/palmaac...

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv

Twitter @juangangel

Passiflora ligularis más conocido como Granadilla, es una planta trepadora venida de la Andes. Su nombre varía : "granada china" o "granada de moco". Su fruto es generalmente de color anaranjado, dorado, pardo o amarillo con pequeñas pintas claras. Con una forma algo redondeada.Tiene la cáscara lisa, dura y con un acolchonado para proteger las semillas de la pulpa. La pulpa está llena de semillas duras color negruzco, rodeadas por un aro gelatinoso, transparente, de color gris claro, con sabor acidulo aromático.

Lugares de cultivo

Colombia es el principal productor a nivel mundial de esta fruta, con una producción que alcanzó las 53.000 toneladas durante el 2011, extraídas de las cerca de 4.600 hectáreas sembradas en todo el territorio nacional. Es comercializada de manera exitosa en los mercados nacionales e internacionales, principalmente en el continente europeo. Los principales cultivadores de la Passiflora ligularis son : Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica , Perú y Bolivia. Los principales importadores son Estados Unidos, Canadá, Bélgica, Holanda, Francia y España.://www.agenciadenoticias.unal.edu.co/ndetalle/article/desarrollan-semillas-de-granadilla-mas-productivas.html

Propiedades

Aporta las vitaminas A, B2, B3, B6, B9, C, E y K. Y también minerales como el Calcio, Cobre, Hierro, Magnesio, Fósforo, Potasio, Selenio, Sodio y Zinc.://nutricion.nichese.com/granadilla.html

Tiene propiedades antioxidantes.

Tiene propiedades sedantes.

Favorece el sueño. Elimina el insomnio.

Vea Mas información en es.wikipedia.org

Juan Gonzalo Angel

www.tvagro.tv