Pushkin published his first poem at the age of 15 years in 1814, and the literary establishment widely recognized him before the time of his graduation from the imperial lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo. Social reform gradually committed Pushkin, who emerged as a spokesman for literary radicals and in the early 1820s clashed with the government, which sent him into exile in southern Russia. Under the strict surveillance of government censors and unable to travel or publish at will, he wrote his most famous drama but ably published it not until years later. People published his verse serially from 1825 to 1832.Pushkin and his wife Natalya Goncharova, whom he married in 1831, later became regulars of court society. In 1837, while falling into ever greater debt amidst rumors that his wife started conducting a scandalous affair, Pushkin challenged her alleged lover, Georges d'Anthès, to a duel. Pushkin was mortally wounded and died two days later.Because of his liberal political views and influence on generations of Russian rebels, Pushkin was portrayed by Bolsheviks as an opponent to bourgeois literature and culture and a predecessor of Soviet literature and poetry. Tsarskoe Selo was renamed after him.

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Symbolism and Realism were distinct but parallel literary movements that swept Europe and much of the world in the late 19th century. Social order was one of the main concerns of Symbolists and Realists, which reflects the unprecedented growth of the middle class and its values across Europe during that time period. Morality and ambition were homogenized – and, in some cases, institutionalized – to a degree never before seen in civilized society, and many intellectuals and artists saw this homogenization as a conformist social force that threatened individual perspective. Thus, Symbolists’ and Realists’ works lashed out against social institutions and values and were particularly concerned about the domestic sphere, because of its dependence on social norms and shaping effect on individual perceptions; were disturbed by the decaying effects of conformism; and were troubled by the disconnection between modern individuals. Moreover, Symbolists and Realists argue that these three themes of domesticity, decay, and disconnection are linked, a connection explored especially in the Symbolist Charles Baudelaire’s poem, “Spleen LXVIII” (1862), in the Realist Leo Tolstoy’s novella, The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), and in the Realist Anton Chekhov’s play, The Cherry Orchard (1903). Specifically, these authors argue that the various forms of modern domestic life lead to the ruination of substantial interpersonal connection.

As long as one drowns in life’s tedium, asserts Baudelaire, the human experience and one’s connections with others decay. “Spleen LXVIII” describes a winter rain that pours “On corpses fading in the near graveyard, On foggy suburbs pours life’s tedium” (1550.II 3, 4), and, speaking of a ...

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...orms in one way or another destroy one’s connections with other human beings. Not only does such focus on forms defy the social nature of humanity, creating generations of socially approved outcasts, but also it severely restricts the individual’s perspective by forcing it to conform to preordained, rigid structures, thereby suffocating the blessing of human creativity. Such restriction does not belong to modern civilization alone, however; creativity never exists without limit, for every society upholds rules of conduct that its members are taught to obey. Therefore, contemporary conformity is not new but rather reborn and strengthened. Correspondingly, the task of the modern citizen is ancient, but difficult in its originality: to strike a balance between creativity and conformity, between pursuing our own diverse forms and following the accepted forms of society.

Born in Moscow in 1821, Dostoevsky was introduced to literature at an early age through fairy tales and legends, and through books by Russian and foreign authors. His mother died in 1837 when he was 15, and around the same time, he left school to enter the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute. After graduating, he worked as an engineer and briefly enjoyed a lavish lifestyle, translating books to earn extra money. In the mid-1840s he wrote his first novel, Poor Folk, which gained him entry into Saint Petersburg's literary circles. Arrested in 1849 for belonging to a literary group that discussed banned books critical of Tsarist Russia, he was sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted at the last moment. He spent four years in a Siberian prison camp, followed by six years of compulsory military service in exile. In the following years, Dostoevsky worked as a journalist, publishing and editing several magazines of his own and later A Writer's Diary, a collection of his writings. He began to travel around western Europe and developed a gambling addiction, which led to financial hardship. For a time, he had to beg for money, but he eventually became one of the most widely read and highly regarded Russian writers.

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T.S. Eliot, in full Thomas Stearns Eliot, (born September 26, 1888, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.—died January 4, 1965, London, England), American-English poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, a leader of the Modernist movement in poetry in such works as The Waste Land (1922) and Four Quartets (1943). Eliot exercised a strong influence on Anglo-American coulture from the 1920s until late in the century. His experiments in diction, style, and versification revitalized English poetry, and in a series of critical essays he shattered old orthodoxies and erected new ones. The publication of Four Quartets led to his recognition as the greatest living English poet and man of letters, and in 1948 he was awarded both the Order of Merit and the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Early years

Eliot was descended from a distinguished New England family that had relocated to St. Louis, Missouri. His family allowed him the widest education available in his time, with no influence from his father to be “practical” and to go into business. From Smith Academy in St. Louis he went to Milton, in Massachusetts; from Milton he entered Harvard in 1906; he received a B.A. in 1909, after three instead of the usual four years. The men who influenced him at Harvard were George Santayana, the philosopher and poet, and the critic Irving Babbitt. From Babbitt he  derived an anti-Romantic attitude that, amplified by his later reading of British philosophers F.H. Bradley and T.E. Hulme, lasted through his life. In the academic year 1909–10 he was an assistant in philosophy at Harvard.

He spent the year 1910–11 in France, attending Henri Bergson’s lectures in philosophy at the Sorbonne and reading poetry with Alain-Fournier. Eliot’s study of the poetry of Dante, of the English writers John Webster and John Donne, and of the French Symbolist Jules Laforgue helped him to find his own style. From 1911 to 1914 he was back at Harvard, reading philosophy and studying Sanskrit. In 1913 he read Bradley’s Appearance and Reality; by 1916 he had finished, in Europe, a dissertation entitled “Knowledge and Experience in the Philosophy of F.H. Bradley.” But World War I had intervened, and he never returned to Harvard to take the final oral examination for the Ph.D. degree. In 1914 Eliot met and began a close association with the American poet Ezra Pound.

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James Joyce, in full James Augustine Aloysius Joyce, (born February 2, 1882, Dublin, Ireland—died January 13, 1941, Zurych, Switzerland), Irish novelist noted for his experimental use of language and exploration of new literary methods in such large works of fiction as Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939).

Joyce, the eldest of 10 children in his family to survive infancy, was sent at age six to Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit boarding school that has been described as “the Eton of Ireland.” But his father was not the man to stay affluent for long; he drank, neglected his affairs, and borrowed money from his office, and his family sank deeper and deeper into poverty, the children becoming accustomed to conditions of increasing sordidness. Joyce did not return to Clongowes in 1891; instead he stayed at home for the next two years and tried to educate himself, asking his mother to check his work. In April 1893 he and his brother Stanislaus were admitted, without fees, to Belvedere College, a Jesuit grammar school in Dublin. Joyce did well there academically and was twice elected president of the Marian Society, a position virtually that of head boy. He left, however, under a cloud, as it was thought (correctly) that he had lost his Roman Catholic faith.

He entered University College, Dublin, which was then staffed by Jesuit priests. There he studied languages and reserved his energies for extracurricular activities, reading widely—particularly in books not recommended by the Jesuits—and taking an active part in the college’s Literary and Historical Society. Greatly admiring Henrik Ibsen, he learned Dano-Norwegian to read the original and had an article, “Ibsen’s New Drama”—a review of the play When We Dead Waken—published in the London Fortnightly Review in 1900 just after his 18th birthday. This early success confirmed Joyce in his resolution to become a writer and persuaded his family, friends, and teachers that the resolution was justified. In October 1901 he published an essay, “The Day of the Rabblement,” attacking the Irish Literary Theatre (later the Abbey Theatre, in Dublin) for catering to popular taste.

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Bija e fatit është historia prekëse e Eliza Somersit,një gruaje të re që jeton midis dy kulturave dhe i hyn një rruge plot aventura.Si fëmijë i gjetur kilian,e rritur nën mrojtjen e një familjeje angleze në Valparaizo ,ende pa mbushur mirë të shtatëmbëdhjetat,përplaset me të papriturat e një bote të pamëshirshme.Kërkimet për të dashurin,i cili nuk i rezistoi dot tundimit të dehjes nga ri kaliforian ,e kthejnë vajzën e papërvojë në një grua të vetëdijshme dhe në fund të odisesë,Eliza është fare pranë vetvetes. Ju ftoj te nese podcastet e mia ju ofroje kenaqesi dhe ju afrojne me gjuhen, artin dhe letersine  shqipe te dhuronit shuma simbolike te cilaT do te perdoren per mirmbajtjen e podcast.  Kush deshiron te beje DONACION mundet te dhuroje ne nr e llogarise :  Numri i llogarise:  0080677481 - EUR - AL07202140160000000080677481  Emri i bankes : Raiffeisen Bank  Swift CODE: SGSBALTX

Bija e fatit është historia prekëse e Eliza Somersit,një gruaje të re që jeton midis dy kulturave dhe i hyn një rruge plot aventura.Si fëmijë i gjetur kilian,e rritur nën mrojtjen e një familjeje angleze në Valparaizo ,ende pa mbushur mirë të shtatëmbëdhjetat,përplaset me të papriturat e një bote të pamëshirshme.Kërkimet për të dashurin,i cili nuk i rezistoi dot tundimit të dehjes nga ri kaliforian ,e kthejnë vajzën e papërvojë në një grua të vetëdijshme dhe në fund të odisesë,Eliza është fare pranë vetvetes. Ju ftoj te nese podcastet e mia ju ofroje kenaqesi dhe ju afrojne me gjuhen, artin dhe letersine  shqipe te dhuronit shuma simbolike te cilaT do te perdoren per mirmbajtjen e podcast.  Kush deshiron te beje DONACION mundet te dhuroje ne nr e llogarise :  Numri i llogarise:  0080677481 - EUR - AL07202140160000000080677481  Emri i bankes : Raiffeisen Bank  Swift CODE: SGSBALTX

Bija e fatit është historia prekëse e Eliza Somersit,një gruaje të re që jeton midis dy kulturave dhe i hyn një rruge plot aventura.Si fëmijë i gjetur kilian,e rritur nën mrojtjen e një familjeje angleze në Valparaizo ,ende pa mbushur mirë të shtatëmbëdhjetat,përplaset me të papriturat e një bote të pamëshirshme.Kërkimet për të dashurin,i cili nuk i rezistoi dot tundimit të dehjes nga ri kaliforian ,e kthejnë vajzën e papërvojë në një grua të vetëdijshme dhe në fund të odisesë,Eliza është fare pranë vetvetes. Ju ftoj te nese podcastet e mia ju ofroje kenaqesi dhe ju afrojne me gjuhen, artin dhe letersine  shqipe te dhuronit shuma simbolike te cilaT do te perdoren per mirmbajtjen e podcast. 

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