Starting from historical perspective the episode covers certain scientific achievements in the Golden age.
Emphasis is placed on three scholars: Ibn Haytham (Alhazen), Al Biruni, Ibn Sina (Avicenna). Al Haytham is considered the
father of modern optics and the father of the scientific method. Sometimes referred to as one of the greatest scientists of all
time. Al Biruni, was a polymath (like all three examples) and authored 146 works relating to astronomy, mathematics, and
geography, did survey on India. Al Biruni, visited India, studied Hinduism and worked out mathematical proofs for the
circumference of the earth. Avicenna wrote a magnificent medical textbook (Canon of Medicine) that was renowned across the
world for many centuries until 17 th century. He was also a great philosopher and wrote about the thought experiments such as
the floating man experiment. He was a child prodigy and mastered medicine by the age of 18. The Muslim leaders at the time
made significant investments in knowledge, research and scholarship through their investment in libraries, great translation
movements and the thinkers themselves. Other scientists covered in the episode include Al Khwarizmi, who was a great
mathematician, who developed the modern numbering system through adding the zero. He was a polymath, and worked on
geography as well. Others great thinkers covered in this episode included Al Kindi and Ibn Rushd. What were these scholars
motivated by? This episode explores this question to and tries to understand what the explanation for the Islamic golden age
was. Earlier motivations were such as trying to solve navigation and for finding the direction for the Qibla. The Holy Quran was
the great motivator. Arabic became the international language of discussion and science, and both faith and reasoning were
core principles.