From the pulpits to the pits ideas about how to protect the poor, support the worker and represent Christian values were changing in a new movement the Social Gospelers.

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In this episode we are heading deep into the Rhondda Valley — into the smoke and the steam, the solidarity and the fury — for one of the most dramatic and consequential episodes in the history of Wales and of the British labour movement.

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In this episode we focus in on the authors of Roman Britain's history and how they defined our understanding.

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Railways crisscrossed across Wales. It was a network designed not for Wales, but through Wales. A network that tied valleys to ports, and ports to England.

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A time before the NHS, before universal care, before the idea that healthcare might be something guaranteed. And yet, in this period, we begin to see something remarkable.

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In 41 CE, Rome did something unexpected. It made an emperor out of a man who had spent most of his life being ignored.

That man was Claudius.

Photos in this episode

http://www.artrenewal.org/asp/database/image.asp?id=13471, Public Domain,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2254930

Bust of Emperor Claudius

1:10 model reconstruction of a quadrireme

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Music: Celtic Impulse - Celtic by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100297Artist: http://incompetech.com/

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By the early twentieth century, rugby was not simply popular in Wales. It was emotional infrastructure. It was civic ritual. And in 1905 a game between Wales and New Zealand would set Rugby Union at the heart of Welsh national pride.

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Music: Celtic Impulse - Celtic by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100297Artist: http://incompetech.com/

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Because we have so little written history it might seem that Britain was relatively static in the Iron Age. Britain, however, was not frozen in time. It was dynamic. And that dynamism, that competition between kingdoms and elites, created the conditions that made Roman intervention possible.

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For centuries, the history of Wales was written as a history of men—of coal miners, ironmasters, and preachers. But by the 1880s, a quiet revolution was brewing in the valleys and coastal towns. Welsh women were no longer content to be the "angels of the hearth."

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Music: Celtic Impulse - Celtic by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100297Artist: http://incompetech.com/

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Jonathan has returned to the UK and talks about what he wants to do now that he has returned.

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