As a general rule, it is preferable for a person to recite all the Birkot Ha'shahar at home, before coming to the synagogue. It sometimes happens that a person, for whatever reason, was unable to recite the blessings at home, and he arrives in the synagogue late, after the Tefila had begun, and if he now recites Birkot Ha'shahar properly, he will be unable to recite Shema and the Amida with the congregation. In such a case, should he proceed directly to "Baruch She'amar" so he can catch up to the congregation, and then recite Birkot Ha'shahar later? Or is it preferable for him to follow the normal sequence, first reciting Birkot Ha'shahar, even at the expense of Tefila Be'sibur (praying together with the congregation)? Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Jerusalem, 1910-1995) ruled that one must recite the service in its proper sequence. Although there are those who permitted reciting Birkot Ha'shahar after praying Shaharit, Rav Shlomo Zalman disagreed with this ruling. He thus maintained that even if one will miss the opportunity to recite the Amida together with the congregation, he must recite Birkot Ha'shahar before proceeding to Pesukeh De'zimra and the rest of Shaharit. Hacham Ovadia Yosef, however, rules differently, maintaining that one should, in fact, skip Birkot Ha'shahar so he can pray Shaharit with the congregation. Of course, one must first recite "Modeh Ani" – which should be recited immediately upon waking in the morning – as well as the Beracha over hand-washing, which should also be performed as soon as possible after waking up. Additionally, one should recite "Asher Yasar" right after using the restroom, and "Elokai Neshama" should preferably be recited immediately after "Asher Yasar." These blessings, then, should clearly be recited before Shaharit. The other Berachot, however, may be delayed until after Shaharit in the interest of Tefila Be'sibur. It goes without saying that one should do what he can to avoid this situation, and recite all the morning blessings at home, with Kavana (concentration), and arrive at the synagogue on time. If somebody skipped Birkot Ha'shahar so he could pray Shaharit with the congregation, he recites all the Berachot after Shaharit, with two exceptions. He does not recite Birkat Ha'Torah (the blessing over Torah learning), because this requirement is fulfilled through the recitation of "Ahabat Olam" before Shema. The Beracha of "Ahabat Olam" speaks about Torah learning, praying to Hashem for assistance in our understanding and observance of Torah, and thanking Him for choosing us and giving us the Torah. As such, it covers the obligation of reciting Birkat Ha'Torah. The second exception is the Beracha of "Elokai Neshama." As mentioned earlier, even if one skips Birkot Ha'shahar so he can pray with the congregation, he should still preferably recite "Elokai Neshama" immediately following "Asher Yasar" after using the restroom. If, however, one did not recite "Elokai Neshama" before Shaharit, he does not recite it afterward. The reason is that according to some Poskim, this requirement is fulfilled through the recitation of the second Beracha in the Amida, which concludes "Mehayeh Ha'metim" – "who resurrects the dead." The Beracha of "Elokai Neshama" thanks Hashem for "resurrecting" us each morning by restoring our souls – as sleep is considered a form of partial "death" – and so some Poskim ruled that this requirement is covered by the Beracha of "Mehayeh Ha'metim." Others disagreed, noting that this Beracha in the Amida refers only to the resurrection of the dead that will occur in the future, and not to the daily "resurrection" of waking up in the morning, and thus, in the view of these Poskim, one who did not recite "Elokai Neshama" before Shaharit should recite it afterward. Hacham Ovadia applied to this case the rule of "Safek Berachot Le'hakel" – that we do not recite a Beracha if its obligation is uncertain, and therefore one should not recite "Elokai Neshama" after Shaharit in such a case. There is a minority view among the Poskim (the view of the Aruch Ha'shulhan) that a person who did not recite Birkot Ha'shahar before Shaharit does not then recite the Beracha of "Matir Asurim" ("who releases those who are bound," thanking Hashem for enabling us to get out of bed). We mention Hashem's quality of "Matir Asurim" in the second blessing of the Amida – the Beracha that concludes, "Mehayeh Ha'metim" – and so, according to this opinion, the requirement to recite the Beracha of "Matir Asurim" is fulfilled through the recitation of the Amida. However, Hacham Ovadia dismissed this opinion, arguing that although "Matir Asurim" is mentioned in this second Beracha of the Amida, this Beracha concludes with only "Mehayeh Ha'metim." In Hacham Ovadia's view, the conclusion of the blessing is the determining factor, and thus although this Beracha might fulfill the obligation of "Elokai Neshama," because it concludes with the theme of resurrection, it does not suffice to fulfill the obligation of "Matir Asurim," as these words do not appear in the Beracha's conclusion. There is also an opinion that if a person, for whatever reason, did not recite "Asher Yasar" after using the restroom, and then recited Shaharit, he may not then recite "Asher Yasar." Even if the maximum time-frame for the recitation of this Beracha (72 minutes after performing one's bodily functions) had not yet passed, the person does not, according to this view, recite "Asher Yasar," as he fulfilled this requirement through the recitation of "Refa'enu" in the Amida. The Beracha of "Asher Yasar" speaks about the wonders of the human body, praising Hashem for "healing every flesh and performing wonders" ("Rofeh Chol Basar U'mafli La'asot"), and so this requirement is fulfilled through the recitation of "Refa'enu," in which we pray to Hashem to cure the ill. Hacham Ovadia disagreed with this position, noting that whereas "Asher Yasar" praises Hashem for the wonderous functioning of the human body, the Beracha of "Refa'enu" prays to Hashem to heal those who are ill. These are two completely different Berachot, and so one does not fulfill the obligation of "Asher Yasar" through the recitation of "Refa'enu." Summary: Ideally, one should recite Birkot Ha'shahar at home and arrive on time to Shaharit. If, however, a person arrived late to the synagogue, without having recited Birkot Ha'shahar, and reciting them will cause him to miss praying the Amida with the congregation, then he should skip Birkot Ha'shahar and proceed directly to Shaharit so he can catch up. He should, however, first recite the Beracha over the morning hand-washing, as well as "Asher Yasar" after using the restroom, and "Elokai Neshama," which should preferably be recited immediately after "Asher Yasar." After Shaharit, he recites all Birkot Ha'shahar except Birkat Ha'Torah. If, for whatever reason, one had not recited "Elokai Neshama" before Shaharit, he does not recite it after Shaharit.