On whether the lottery is necessary as an element of the Yom Kippur device. Which leads to a dispute between R. Shimon and R. Yehudah,on the role of the Vidui, the confession, and atonement. Note that the dispute is about interpretation of biblical verses, and not about philosophy, per se, or so it seems. Also, a question for R. Akiva about switching hands after choosing the lots, and the risk of maligning the halakhic system. Plus, a comment on the generations of heretics.