In the world there are many countries, regions, territories, etc. that have overlapping land claims. Where one group claims territory that another claims. This can be two countries, such as border regions between India/China, Japan/Russia, Indonesia/Papua New Guineau, Israel/Palestine. It can be separatist nations like Chechnya, Catalan, Kurdistan. It can be new states attempting to rise like ISIS. It can even be organizations like gangs, cartels, mafia exerting effective control over an area. Land shifts ownership over time, and always has. We discuss today how land claims work, who decides the metrics for who has the greater claim, and how claims and knowledge are weaponized for geopolitical advantage. We discuss how in many examples of international recognition of different states the important factor is not the legitimacy of the land claim, but instead how a land claim to one state helps the geopolitical posturing of another. For example the creation of Belgium as a buffer state between France and Germany, longtime support for Taiwan over the PRC, and ultimately the pinnacle of the episode, modern current example, the poignant example of the support of the west of Ukraine against the Russian enemy.

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