Today's roundup of new deposition-related cases focuses on four rulings. One offers a great strategy to exclude hostile deponents' deposition testimony, where they answer your opponents' questions but refuse to let you fully and fairly cross-examine them. A second touches on the age-old question of whether "Form!" or "Objection!" is enough or whether you must articulate the specific evidentiary basis. The third offers an idea for administering a slightly modified oath to immature deponents who might not understand the standard oath. The fourth looks at a novel approach one party took in noticing an individual witness with an attached, lengthy 30(b)(6) list of topics relating to matters that seemed better suited for a corporate representative.

Thanks for listening! And be sure to check out the book upon which this podcast is based, 10,000 Depositions Later: The Premier Litigation Guide for Superior Deposition Practice. Available on Amazon and almost everywhere else books are sold. Now in it's fourth edition at 600 pages. It's a career-saving resource.

SHOW NOTES

Perrot v. Kelly, et al., Case No. 18-cv-10147, 2023 WL 11873009 (D. Mass. October 27, 2003) (reserving right to exclude deponent's testimony if witness continued to thwart plaintiff's opportunity to fully and fairly examine her, under FRE 804 relating to witness "unavailability"; court appears to equate refusal to give testimony with unavailability)

B.P., et al. v. City of Johnson City, et al., No. 2:23-cv-71-TRM-JEM, 2024 WL 3461408 (E. D. Tenn. July 18, 2024) (refusing to limit lawyer to word "Objection" during depositions, and stating that lawyers have obligation to state the specific basis for the objection and not limit it to "objection" or "form" alone; further declining to sanction lawyer for longer narrative objections about incomplete documents because they were not intended to coach witness as to a particular answer)

People v. Lopez, 550 P.3d 731 (Ct. App. Colo 2024) (affirming conviction of criminal defendant over objection that trial judge conducted modified administration of oath to 10-year old witness; finding that modified oath is appropriate for an immature witness who may not understand standard oath)

Jacobs, et al. v. Journal Publishing Company, et al., Case No. 21-690-MW/SCY, 2024 WL 3401048 (D. N. M. July 12, 2024) (rejecting plaintiffs' effort to depose individual by serving FRCP 30(b)(6)-style deposition notice with lengthy attached topic list)

See, 30(b)(6)-style Deposition Notice Served on Individual, PACER CM/ECF Doc. No. 135-1 (showing notice with attached topic list and list of documents to be brought by individual deponent) Jacobs, et al. v. Journal Publishing Company, et al., Case No. 21-690-MW/SCY, 2024 WL 3401048 (D. N. M. July 12, 2024)

In this episode, Jim Garrity discusses deposition protocol stipulations, which are agreements between the parties that establish the framework for noticing and conducting depositions. They're common in class-action and multi-district cases, but they're useful - and underutilized - in ordinary litigation as well. They can also be used to create internal deposition guidelines for law firms and legal organizations. Jim lists about three dozen common provisions in such agreements and offers practice tips on proposing and implementing them. Have a listen!

SHOW NOTES

Stipulation and Order Governing Protocol for Fact Depositions and Rule 30(b)(6)/PMQ Depositions [CM/ECF Doc. 742), In re Social Media Adolescent Addiction/Personal Injury Products Liability Litigation, Case No. 4:22-md-03047-YGR (S. D. Cal. April 3, 2024) (36 pages)Protocol Governing Depositions, Dennis, et al. v. JPMorgan Chase & Co., et al., Case No. 1:16-cv-6496 (S. D. N. Y. June 23, 2020) [CM/ECF Doc. 419-1) (14 pages)

Stipulation And Order Regarding Remote Depositions [CM/ECF Doc. 108], FTC v. Tapestry, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:24-cv-03109 (S. D. N. Y. June 6, 2024) (15 pages)

Stipulation And [Proposed] Order Regarding Remote Depositions, In the Matter of Tapestry Inc., A Corp., & Capri Holdings Ltd., A Corp., Respondents., No. 9429, 2024 WL 3203213 (MSNET June 13, 2024) (related proceeding before Federal Trade Commission) (11 pages)

Deposition Protocol Order, In Re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, Case No. 1:03-md-01570-GBD-SN (S. D. N. Y. January 31, 2018) [CM/ECF Doc. 3894) (15 pages)

Fed. R. Civ. P. 29(a) (rule on discovery stipulations between parties)

Episode 22, FRCP 29(a) Stipulations: A Way to Save Time, Money & Headaches, 10,000 Depositions Later Podcast, released December 25, 2020 (30 minutes)

Our depo case digest episodes present a fast roundup of new deposition-related rulings nationwide. Today: (1) Two new rulings on relevance as a basis to instruct a witness not to answer a question, or to halt the deposition for purposes of seeking a protective order; (2) A ruling about a clever way to assure testimony is admissible when you use leading questions in deposing a witness considered "hostile" under rules of evidence; and (3) A case on excluding parties from depositions when their presence may traumatize deponents.

All cases mentioned in this episode are cited in the show notes, with helpful parentheticals. Can't see all the cases? Not all podcast sites allow lengthy show notes. Click through to our home page, where the full notes are always accessible. Thanks for listening!

SHOW NOTES:

Delgado v. Donald J. Trump for President, Inc., et al., No. 19-CV-11764 (AT) (KHP), 2024 WL 3219809, (S.D.N.Y. June 28, 2024) (order denying pro se plaintiff’s motion to compel certain answers that non-party deponent declined to answer following instruction by counsel based on relevance)

Keplar v. Google, LLC, 346 F.R.D. 41, 51 (N.D. Tex. Mar. 8 2024) (“if counsel’s questions go so far beyond the realm of possible revenue relevance where the deposition is being conducted in an abusive manner, i.e., in bad faith or in a manner that unreasonably annoys, embarrasses or oppresses the deponent or party, then it would be permissive to instruct the deponent not to answer and move for a protective order")

Jenkins v. Miller, No. 2:12-CV-184, 2024 WL 3220349, at *2 (D. Vt. Jan. 2, 2024) While the Court cannot issue a general a ruling at this time, it acknowledges that Miller will likely be an important witness for all parties. The Court will therefore make itself available on January 18, 2024, the date on which the deposition is scheduled to take place, to issue rulings as necessary. Plaintiff's motion for leave to ask leading questions (ECF No. 745) is therefore denied at this time without prejudice, and may be renewed at the time of the deposition and/or thereafter as necessary.

Austin v. Fordham University, et al, No. 23 CIV. 4696 (JLR) (GS), 2024 WL 3161854, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. June 25, 2024) (“The Court grants Austin's motion for a protective order preventing Sweeney from attending Austin's deposition in person. However, Sweeney may be present in the same location where the deposition is taken (but in a different office) and permitted to see and hear the deposition in real time via a one-way remote video feed. Sweeney's counsel may consult with his client during normal breaks in the testimony and may also leave the deposition room when he deems it necessary to consult with his client during the deposition”)

Luce v. United States, 469 U.S. 38, 41, 105 S. Ct. 460, 463, 83 L. Ed. 2d 443 (1984) (“Although the Federal Rules of Evidence do not explicitly authorize in limine rulings, the practice has developed pursuant to the district court's inherent authority to manage the course of trials. See generally Fed.Rule Evid. 103(c).”)

Fed.R.Evid. 611(c) (rule allowing the use of leading questions during what would otherwise be direct examination upon a showing the witness meets the test of hostility)

Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1) (general discovery rule on allowing discovery "regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant...") 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c)(1) (rule on grounds for protective orders)

Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(d)(3)(A) (rule on terminating depositions for purposes of seeking protective orders)

As a result of listener requests, today we add a new kind of show—the Depo Digest episode—to our podcast. These new segments will supplement the regular single-topic deep dives for which we're known. The Depo Digest installments, in contrast, will quickly highlight three or four brand-new rulings of interest to you as a litigator. Jim Garrity explains that our team reviews more than 500 deposition-related rulings weekly. Not all justify a full episode by themselves, but many are still of real practical value. So we're passing these along to you in digest form, yet another powerful tool to help you stay at the top of your deposition game. We heard you, and we're acting on your excellent suggestion. Thanks!

SHOW NOTES

Burton v. United States of America, Case No. 1:18-CV-02039 (JHR) (SDA), 2024 WL 305-6940 (S. D. New York June 19, 2024) (finding that 2015 amendments to FRCP 30(b)(6), requiring conferral, can be read to require disclosure of corporate designees and their resumes prior to deposition to facilitate “the efficiency and productivity of the deposition”)

In re Chrysler Pacifica Fire Recall Products Liability Litigation MDL, No. 22-3040, 2024 WL 3048495 (E.D. Mich. June 18, 2024) (finding that routine inconvenience and expense of traveling to forum for deposition is not “good cause” justifying protective order allowing plaintiffs to appear for deposition by remote video)

Williams, et al. v. J.B. Hunt Transport, Inc., No. CV-20-01701 PSG, 2024 WL 2108841 (C.D. Calif. Apr. 30, 2024) (order rejecting taxability of court reporter convenience add-ons for litigation packages, logistics and processing, concierge tech support, and virtual primary participants)

According to current cognitive psychology and neuroscience understanding, our memories are multilayered constructs composed of personal experiences and information acquired from external sources. So, when questioning witnesses about their recollections, it's crucial to understand what those layers are made up of. Is it purely personal recollection? Does it include what they were told by others? Does it include what they were told when their lawyer prepped them for the deposition? Examining the underlying sources or layers of the deponent’s knowledge helps identify the individuals and documents that influenced and possibly biased what the witness says.

Be sure to click through to our home page if you don't see the complete list of cites in the show notes. And - please - leave us a 5-star review wherever you hear this podcast? It's a free, fast, and incredible way to thank our production team for the research and time spent producing this free resource for you. Our whole team thanks you!

SHOW NOTES

In re FirstEnergy Corp. Sec. Litig., No. 2:20-CV-03785-ALM-KAJ, 2024 WL 1984802, at *14 (S.D. Ohio May 6, 2024) (“Seemingly, FirstEnergy argues that all facts about the internal investigation are privileged or protected because, at some point, these facts were communicated by lawyers to various individuals. Time and again, courts have rejected this type of argument. While communications between attorneys and clients are privileged, facts are not. Humphreys, Hutcheson and Moseley v. Donovan, 755 F.2d 1211, 1219 (6th Cir. 1985) (citing Upjohn Co., 449 U.S. at 395). And facts do not become privileged or protected because they were provided to witnesses by attorneys or acquired in anticipation of litigation. See, e.g., Protective Nat. Ins. Co. of Omaha v. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 137 F.R.D. 267, 280 (D. Neb. 1989) (“There is simply nothing wrong with asking for facts from a deponent even though those facts may have been communicated to the deponent by the deponent's counsel.”); United States v. BAE Sys. Tactical Vehicle Sys., LP, No. 15-12225, 2017 WL 1457493, at *5–6 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 25, 2017); Basulto v. Netflix, Inc., No. 22-21796, 2023 WL 3197655, at *2–3 (S.D. Fl. May 2, 2023) (“[F]act-oriented discovery is permitted even if the witness learned about the facts from her attorneys.”); Clear Cast Grp., Inc. v. Ritrama, Inc., No. 1:09-cv-169, 2011 WL 13334451, at *6 (N.D. Ohio Sept. 15, 2011). So too here. Facts related to the internal investigation are not shielded simply because they were funneled through attorneys to witnesses”)

Protective Nat. Ins. Co. of Omaha v. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 137 F.R.D. 267, 278–79 (D. Neb. 1989) (citing Sedco Intern., S.A. v. Cory, 683 F.2d 1201, 1205 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1017, 103 S.Ct. 379, 74 L.Ed.2d 512 (1982) for the proposition that “No contention can be made that the attorney-client privilege precludes disclosure of factual information. The privilege does not protect facts communicated to an attorney. Upjohn Co. v. United States, 449 U.S. 383, 395–96, 101 S.Ct. 677, 685–86, 66 L.Ed.2d 584 (1981). Clients cannot refuse to disclose facts which their attorneys conveyed to them and which the attorneys obtained from independent sources. Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 508, 67 S.Ct. 385, 392, 91 L.Ed. 451 (1947); 8 J. Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 2317 (McNaughton rev. 1961).

State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. New Horizont, Inc., 250 F.R.D. 203, 214 (E.D. Pa. 2008) (quoting In re Linerboard Antitrust Litig., 237 F.R.D. 373, 384 (E.D.Pa.2006) (“ ‘[T]here is simply nothing wrong with asking for facts from a deponent even though those facts may have been communicated to the deponent by the deponent's counsel.’ ” (quoting Protective Nat'l Ins. Co. v. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 137 F.R.D. 267, 280 (D.Neb.1989))).)

State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. New Horizont, Inc., 250 F.R.D. 203, 215 (E.D. Pa. 2008) (“Contrary to State Farm's contention, the mere fact that counsel for State Farm may have provided such information to the witness in preparation for the Rule 30(b)(6) deposition does not convert the information into attorney work product. Were State Farm's logic followed to its full extent, anytime an attorney is involved in preparing a Rule 30(b)(6) witness, such preparation would be futile because the witness would inevitably be precluded from testifying to anything learned from the attorney. Were this the rule, every Rule 30(b)(6) deposition in which an attorney was involved in preparing the witness would be doomed from the start”)

Palmisano v. Paragon 28, Inc., No. 21-60447-CIV, 2021 WL 1686948, at *6 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 7, 2021) (“Thus, while the privilege applies when a questioner directly asks a deponent about discussions with counsel, the “attorney-client privilege simply does not extend to facts known to a party that are central to that party's claims, even if such facts came to be known through communications with counsel who had obtained knowledge of those facts through an investigation into the underlying dispute.”)

Thurmond v. Compaq Comput. Corp., 198 F.R.D. 475, 483 (E.D. Tex. 2000) (requiring disclosure of facts defendant “only learned through communications with counsel”)

Kansas Wastewater, Inc. v. Alliant Techsystems, Inc., 217 F.R.D. 525, 528, 532 n.3 (D. Kan. 2003) (“It is well established that a party may not withhold relevant facts from disclosure simply because they were communicated to, or learned from, the party's attorney.”).

Elizabeth Loftus, prominent figure in the study of human memory, particularly on malleability of human memory and misinformation effects. Loftus, E.F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560–572; Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1976). Human Memory: The Processing of Information. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates; Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J. (1987). Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal. NY: Kluwer; Loftus, E.F.; Hoffman, H.G. (1989). Misinformation and memory: The creation of memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(1), 100–104.

Daniel Schacter, research on the “seven sins” of memory and the constructive nature of memory. Books include Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind, and the Past (1996); Forgotten ideas, neglected pioneers: Richard Semon and the story of memory. (2001); and The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers (2001)

Charan Ranganath, Why We Remember: Unlocking Memory’s Power to Hold On to What Matters

In this episode, Jim tackles the problem of 30(b)(6) witnesses showing up with voluminous notes and documents to use in refreshing their memory about the topics to be addressed. Are these witnesses automatically required to give you those notes and materials ahead of time? If not, is there anything you can do to get them beforehand? And, what about getting copies of documents these and other deponents looked at before the deposition but didn't bring with? For the answers to these and other questions, listen in. And thanks for being a loyal listener of the podcast! We appreciate you!

SHOW NOTES

ChampionX LLC, f/k/a Windrock, Inc. v. Resonance Systems, Inc., et al., Case No. 3:21-CV-288-TAV-JE M (E. D. Tennessee Oct. 19, 2023) (providing that documents used during a deposition to refresh witnesses recollection must be produced to the adverse party while deposition is in progress, and need not be produced ahead of time, barring some other obligation)

Arrowood Indem. Co. The Lubrizol Corp. v. United States Fire Ins. Co., No. 1:10 CV 2871, 2015 WL 12734892, at *2 (N.D. Ohio Mar. 31, 2015) (“Fed. R. Evid. 612. Rule 612 applies to depositions and deposition testimony through Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(c)”)

Sporck v. Peil, 759 F.2d 312, 317 (3d Cir. 1985) This rule is applicable to depositions and deposition testimony by operation of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(c) (“Examination and cross-examination of witnesses may proceed as permitted at the trial under the provisions of the Federal Rules of Evidence.”)

Antero Res. Corp. v. Tejas Tubular Prod., Inc., 516 F. Supp. 3d 752, 753 (S.D. Ohio 2021) (“Importantly, Rule 612 applies to deposition testimony”)

Antero Resources Corporation v. Tejas Tubular Products, Inc., 2021 WL363550, No. 2:19-CV-804 (S. D. Ohio Feb.2, 2021) (if witness uses documents for a testimonial purpose–as [the corporate representative did ]-any claim of work product protection over those documents is waived; further holding that, where conflict exists between the command of Fed. R. Evid. 612 to disclose materials used to refresh recollection, and protection provided by the attorney-client privilege, the weight of authority holds that privilege is waived).

United States v. Holden, 557 F.3d 698, 703–04 (6th Cir. 2009) (“Rule 612 does not apply where a witness refers to documents for purposes other than refreshing recollection”)

K & S Assocs., Inc. v. Am. Ass'n of Physicists in Med., No. 3:09-1108, 2012 WL 4364087, at *3 (M.D. Tenn. Sept. 21, 2012) (citing Nutramax Lab., Inc., 183 F.R.D. at 468, 473) (finding that documents were used for a “testimonial purpose” where the witness's review of them “unavoidably enhanced his recollection of events”)

Gilbert v. Atlantic Trust Co., N.A., 2005 WL8176938 (D. N.H. Nov. 17, 2005) (order denying motion to compel documents reviewed by deponent prior to deposition, under FRE 612, because of movant's failure to establish predicate during deposition)

FRE 612 - Writings Used to Refresh A Witness

Do you sometimes send multiple lawyers to depositions? If so, it's important to know how to maximize your odds of taxing each lawyer's fees when you prevail in the action and file your fee petition. As Jim Garrity says, it's easy to avoid traps, but it's also easy to step into them. In this episode he provides bright-line guidance for making your fee petition a successful one. Have a great week!

SHOW NOTES

Basic Principle

Gradisher v. Check Enf't Unit, Inc., No. 1:00-CV-401, 2003 WL 187416, at *4 (W.D. Mich. Jan. 22, 2003) (“There is no hard and fast rule allowing or preventing more than one attorney from attending a deposition, hearing, or trial on behalf of a prevailing party”)

Burden of Fee Applicant

Am. C.L. Union of Georgia v. Barnes, 168 F.3d 423, 432 (11th Cir. 1999) (“Thus, a fee applicant is entitled to recover for the hours of multiple attorneys if he satisfies his burden of showing that the time spent by those attorneys reflects the distinct contribution of each lawyer to the case and is the customary practice of multiple-lawyer litigation. But the fee applicant has the burden of showing that, and where there is an objection raising the point, it is not a make-believe burden”)

Burden of Party Opposing Fee Award

Am. C.L. Union of Georgia v. Barnes, 168 F.3d 423, 428 (11th Cir. 1999) (party opposing fee petition has burden also, and is obligated to provide specific and reasonably precise objections and proof in seeking to reduce fee aware due to a lack of billing judgment)

Am. C.L. Union of Georgia v. Barnes, 168 F.3d 423, 429 (11th Cir. 1999) (The Supreme Court rejected that position, reasoning that fee shifting statutes “favor[ ] treating a case as an inclusive whole, rather than as atomized line-items.” Jean, 496 U.S. at 161–62, 110 S.Ct. at 2320. Nothing about the holding in Jean precludes a fee opponent from challenging a fee request on the basis that an excessive number of hours were billed on some discrete task within the case. Moreover, our decisions contemplate a task-by-task examination of the hours billed. See, e.g., Loranger, 10 F.3d at 782–83 (noting that 100 hours for the task of preparing a fee request in the case was excessive); Duckworth v. Whisenant, 97 F.3d 1393, 1398 (11th Cir.1996) (disallowing redundant hours billed for the task of deposing witnesses).

Fees Not Reduced

Aquilino v. Univ. of Kansas, 109 F. Supp. 2d 1319, 1326 (D. Kan. 2000) (“With respect to the depositions of plaintiff and Dr. Linda Stone-Ferrier and the period of jury deliberations, the Court finds that plaintiff's decision to employ two attorneys was reasonable. Both attorneys were extensively involved in the case and their appearance at key depositions was reasonable”)

Clements v. Prudential Protective Servs., LLC, 100 F. Supp. 3d 604, 617 (E.D. Mich. 2015) (finding “nothing ‘duplicative’ with regard to having two lawyers represent [the p]laintiff” where the defendant objected to “two attorneys attending depositions”), aff'd, 659 F. App'x 820 (6th Cir. 2016))

Jones v. Federated Dep't Stores, Inc., 527 F. Supp. 912, 920 (S.D. Ohio 1981) (defendant’s protests in opposition to fee petition undermined by fact that they also had two attorneys present at depositions)

Wajcman v. Inv. Corp. of Palm Beach, No. 07-80912-CIV, 2009 WL 10668140, at *4 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 11, 2009) (“The law is clear in that where multiple attorneys perform work on a case, they may each be compensated, so long as the attorneys' efforts are not unreasonably duplicative. See Barnes, 168 F.3d at 432 (“[a]n award for time spent by two or more attorneys is proper as long as it reflects the distinct contribution of each lawyer to the case and the customary practice of multiple-lawyer litigation”)(quoting Johnson v. University College of Univ. of Ala. in Birmingham, 706 F.2d 1205, 1208 (11th Cir. 1983)); Norman, 836 F.2d at 1301-1302 (observing that multiple attorneys may be compensated for their work on a case “if they are not unreasonably doing the same work and are being compensated for the distinct contribution of each lawyer”)(citing Johnson, supra)

Fees Reduced or Denied

Duckworth v. Whisenant, 97 F.3d 1393, 1398 (11th Cir. 1996) (some fees disallowed for redundancy of work in deposition attended by two attorneys for same party; “Plaintiff has asserted that only one attorney prepared and conducted depositions of parties and witnesses, while both attorneys attended all of the depositions. Because a comparison of the two sets of time entries largely attests to this explanation, the court has subtracted half of each attorney's hours spent for mere attendance of depositions”)

Van Cleve v. Soc'y of St. Vincent De Paul, No. C03-1019, 2005 WL 1868876, at *4 (N.D. Iowa Apr. 4, 2005) (declining without explanation to award fees for two lawyers to attend depositions; saying that one lawyer prepared for the depositions, and then a second lawyer attended the depositions as well)

Baker v. Nat'l Seating Co., No. 3:05-CV-187, 2006 WL 8442688, at *2 (E.D. Tenn. Mar. 28, 2006) (reducing hours of plaintiffs’ lawyers where two very experienced attorneys attended depositions; rejecting arguments that two attorneys were needed to take an active part in formulating questions and making judgments about credibility of the deponents)

Gradisher v. Check Enf't Unit, Inc., No. 1:00-CV-401, 2003 WL 187416, at *4 (W.D. Mich. Jan. 22, 2003) (while case was class action, issues were not complex and litigation was not burdensome, so there was no need for two lawyers at depositions; held, fees for work of second lawyer reduced)

DaSilva v. Vozzcom, Inc., No. 08-80040-CIV, 2009 WL 10667450, at *7 (S.D. Fla. June 9, 2009) (“The law is clear in that where multiple attorneys perform work on a case, a firm may be compensated for work performed by separate attorneys so long as the attorney's efforts are not unreasonably duplicative”)

Schlosser v. Vrhabilis, No. 3:20-CV-190-TRM-JEM, 2024 WL 1600671, at *4 (E.D. Tenn. Feb. 1, 2024), report and recommendation adopted sub nom. Schlosser v. VRHabilis, LLC, No. 3:20-CV-190, 2024 WL 1071871 (E.D. Tenn. Mar. 12, 2024) (magistrate order recommending denial of fees for second attorney’s appearance at deposition, holding that plaintiff did not sufficiently explain why two attorneys was reasonable; mere fact both were “heavily involved” in case, and both needed to observe each witness, did not explain why attorneys could not review transcripts of deponents, or why attorneys needed to “observe each witness”)

Strong Trading Inc. v. Unique Designs, Inc., No. 221CV04206RGKPVC, 2022 WL 22715189, at *5 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 4, 2022) (denying taxability of hours for third lawyer’s work at a deposition where, although the attorney “needed to be there because she was responsible for handling documents and evidence in the trial was less than two weeks away,” the time entry for that attorney simply said “attendance,” and thus the timesheet did not indicate the lawyer was playing a critical role)

Jim Garrity's observation is that many litigators are still not using Zoom’s live-caption feature in depositions. This setting is perfect for clients and other participants who want to watch remote depositions, but can’t play audio without disrupting others. It’s also excellent for you or others on your team to ensure you asked the question you planned and got the answer you think you heard. Some great tips in this episode, as always. (And can we ask you a favor? Would you take an extra 18 seconds, go to the rating section wherever you get your podcast, and leave us a five star rating? We don't charge a dime for the tremendous research and production that goes into every single episode, so the only way you can give us a thumbs up is with a sweet 5-star rating. We know leaving ratings is a hassle, but it really means so much to our production team. Every new five-star rating we get energizes the whole crew.  It's actually more important than money because it validates our work, and let's us know that you like and are finding value in the episodes. Thanks!)

The court ruling in the spotlight today is a reminder that it's critically important to include evidentiary support when you seek a protective order - to relieve a party or witness of the obligation to travel for deposition - based on financial, medical or caregiver reasons. It also reminds us of the importance of providing your judge with the most recent case law, which is trending toward routinely allowing remote depositions in most situations. As always, Jim Garrity provides critical practice tips and insights on the issue. Have a great week!

Show Notes

Hosie v. Omni Hotels Management Corporation, Case No: 1:22-cv-00265-MR-WCM, 2024 WL 1685557 (W. D. N. C. Apr. 18, 2024) (finding insufficient record evidentiary support to warrant protective order relieving Plaintiff of obligation to travel for her deposition)

Henry v. Tacoma Police Department, et al., No. 3:22-cv-05523-LK, 2023 WL 5530201 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 28, 2023) (expressing view that remote depositions can be as effective or more effective than in person depositions for credibility determinations, in part because remote plaintiffs appearing by video do not need to wear masks)

In this episode we answer a listener who wanted to know how to correct a deposition transcript where the errors were caused by the interpreter, not by the court reporter. It's an important episode, because correcting interpreted deposition testimony requires planning before the deposition begins. As always, Jim Garrity provides invaluable practice tips and strategies. Thanks for listening!

SHOW NOTES

Fed.R.Civ.P. 30(e)(1) (providing framework for requesting review of, reviewing, and making changes in form or substance to transcripts).

https://www.njcourts.gov/sites/default/files/courts/transcript.pdf (New Jersey Courts guidance for reporters, noting that only interpreter’s English response, not the foreign language answer, will appear in transcript)

https://www.courtreportersboard.ca.gov/formspubs/best_interpreter.pdf (When the court reporter knows the foreign language being spoken and knows that the interpretation is incorrect, the court reporter is not to interrupt to correct the interpretation. It is the onus of the parties present to provide a check interpreter. The court reporter’s function is to capture the record, not create it)

Bai v. Williams, No. 2:20-CV-2042-KJD-NJK, 2023 WL 5101881, at *34 (D. Nev. Aug. 8, 2023) (jury instructed, in case where witness testified through an interpreter “that it would hear testimony in a language other than English and that the witness “will testify through the official court interpreter.” The court instructed that, “[a]lthough some of you may know the non-English language used, it is important that all jurors consider the same evidence. Therefore, you must accept the English translation of the witness's testimony. You must disregard any different meaning”)

In re: Takata Airbag Prod. Liab. Litig., No. 15-2599, 2016 WL 5844311, at *4 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 8, 2016), report and recommendation adopted sub nom. In re Takata Airbag Prod. Liab. Litig., No. 15-02599-MD, 2016 WL 5844338 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 21, 2016) (noting parties’ agreement agreed that objections to translations may be made for 60 days after the court reporter provides the final transcript)

Proposed Order Regarding Deposition Protocol, CM/ECF Document 1187-1, ECF p. 13, In re: Takata Airbag Prod. Liab. Litig., No. 1:15-2599, 2016 WL 5844311 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 8, 2016), report and recommendation adopted sub nom. In re Takata Airbag Prod. Liab. Litig., No. 15-02599-MD, 2016 WL 5844338 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 21, 2016) (sample deposition protocol that includes provisions on choosing interpreters and resolving disagreements, and proposing 60 days for objections to interpretation-related errors in transcript)

Allamon v. Acuity Specialty Prod., Inc., 877 F. Supp. 2d 498, 505 (E.D. Tex. 2012), aff'd, 534 F. App'x 248 (5th Cir. 2013) (finding no authority to support the argument that a court reporter may extend deadline for returning an errata, or that FRCP 30(e) contains any exceptions to its requirements)