In this episode, Carl revisits the idea of risk tolerance and challenges the assumption that it’s a stable personality trait that can be measured with a score. Drawing on research from Paul Slovic and lessons from the mountains, he suggests that when someone says, “I can’t tolerate that kind of risk,” they may not be describing tolerance at all—but fear, lack of trust, loss of control, or an unprocessed memory from 2008. Instead of adjusting portfolios first, Carl argues for adjusting the conversation, separating dread from probability, and getting specific about what actually feels scary—because that’s where the real work begins.

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