The overall context of Jeremiah 33-40 is one of impending doom and captivity for the people of Judah, as well as the prophet Jeremiah's steadfast proclamation of God's judgment, restoration, and hope amidst challenging circumstances. In 605 BCE, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II launched the first of several campaigns against Judah, leading to the subjugation of the kingdom. Over a span of approximately ten years, Nebuchadnezzar conducted multiple sieges and deportations, culminating in the complete destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE. The Babylonians razed the city walls, burned the temple, and carried off a significant portion of the population into exile in Babylon.