2 Complicated 4 History

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Diego Javier Luis to discuss the first Asians in the Americas as part of Pacific World history. Free and unfree migration, six months of treacherous travel, and cultural uprooting defines the Asian experience in the Spanish Americas. Who were these emigrants, and what happened when they arrived in their new world? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 1:13 - Brief Description of the Book 2:43 - The Terminology and the Word “Chino” 9:29 - A Primary Source Nightmare 15:11 - Contextualizing the Time 18:10 - How Did People End Up on These Ships? Free and Forced Migration 26:28 - Why Isn’t This History More Emphasized? 30:31 - Cultural versus Assigned Identity – Racializing “Asians” 37:45 - The Structures within Spanish Colonial Society 44:36 - Chino Emancipation and Similarities to the Atlantic Slave Trade 48:57 - What You Need to Know about the Spanish Inquisition 53:51 - Catarina de San Juan EPISODE LINKS: Diego Javier Luis - https://as.tufts.edu/history/people/faculty/diego-luis The First Asians in the Americas: A Transpacific History - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674271784 Inquisition - https://www.britannica.com/topic/inquisition Manila Galleons - https://www.britannica.com/technology/Manila-galleon Atlantic World - https://history.illinois.edu/atlantic-world Ethnolinguistics - https://www.britannica.com/science/ethnolinguistics History of Pampagna - https://www.tagaloglang.com/history-of-pampanga Caste And Class Structure In Colonial Spanish America - https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/caste-and-class-structure-colonial-spanish-america Catarina de San Juan - https://thediplomat.com/2024/01/one-womans-journey-from-south-asia-to-mexico-and-from-slave-to-spiritual-icon/ The Conversation - https://theconversation.com/profiles/diego-javier-luis-1475619 Aeon magazine - https://aeon.co/users/diego-javier-luis Smithsonian Folklife - https://folklife.si.edu/magazine/asian-history-oregon-no-no-boy-1603 New Podcast – TBD!  PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Jim Gray, the great-grandson of Henry Roan who was murdered in the Reign of Terror as depicted in the movie “The Killers of the Flower Moon.” A former Osage chief, Gray offers his unique perspective of Native history, Hollywood portrayals of Indigenous peoples, his personal connection to a painful and understudied time in the history of the United States, and the ultimate triumph of the Osage people. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Historical Overview and Jim’s Perspective 7:38 - Allotment, Oil and Guadianships 13:29 - Restricted vs Unrestricted Allotments 17:00 - Osage Control, Tribal Governments and Boarding Schools 20:26 - How the Osage Viewed Allotments 22:01 - Henry Roan’s Legacy 33:02 - The Film’s Original Script and an Osage Dinner with Martin Scorsesse  46:11 - The Wedding Scene and Robert DeNiro Speaking Osage 53:11 - Living In Both Worlds…Even Today 57:58 - Jim’s Time as Chief 1:04:21 - Closing Thoughts and The Future of the Osage EPISODE LINKS: Osage Nation - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov Killers of the Flower Moon (Movie)- https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5537002/ Killers of the Flower Moon (Book) - https://www.davidgrann.com/books/#killers-of-the-flower-moon Osage Primary Sources - https://www.archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/this-actually-happened/ Henry Roan - https://nativenewsonline.net/arts-entertainment/margo-gray-writes-a-poignant-letter-to-her-great-grandfather-one-of-the-murder-victims-portrayed-in-killers-of-the-flower-moon The Osage "Reign of Terror" Murder Trials: An Account - https://www.famous-trials.com/osage-home/2378-the-osage-reign-of-terror-murder-trials-an-account Osage Culture - https://www.osageculture.com/culture/multimedia-collections Osage Oil Money - https://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/523964584/in-the-1920s-a-community-conspired-to-kill-native-americans-for-their-oil-money 1906 Osage Allotment Act - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/news-events/news/osage-minerals-council-seeks-federal-legislation-facilitating-return-osage#:~:text=In%201906%2C%20the%20U.S.%20Congress,the%20Interior%20to%20create%20a Native American Boarding Schools - https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/boarding-schools/ Deb Haaland - https://www.doi.gov/secretary-deb-haaland Major Crimes Act - https://www.ovcttac.gov/saneguide/legal-and-ethical-foundations-for-sane-practice/tribal-law/#:~:text=The%20Major%20Crimes%20Act%2C%2018,%2C%20most%20sexual%20offenses%2C%20etc. How the Osage Changed Martin Scorsese’s Mind - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-osage-changed-martin-scorseses-mind-180983094/ Osage Language - https://www.osageculture.com/language Twitter - @JimGrayTweetz PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus welcome Dr. Michael Cullinane to discuss naming historical eras, the first modern president, influence as power, and third party politics. Has politics changed much in the last 120 years? Or at all? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:28 - What is the Gilded Age and The Progressive Era 7:40 - Theodore Roosevelt, How he defined the Age and What Progressive Meant 11:22 - Theodore Roosevelt Modernizing The Office 23:19 - Theodore Roosevelt Shaping the National Narrative 24:52 - Theodore Roosevelt's Tennis Cabinet 32:37 - Third Parties and the Bull Moose Party 40:30 - What Did TR Think of Wilson? 42:07 - Will a Third Party Ever Arise? 46:49 - We Have Been Here Before & TR’s Legacy 53:15 - Favorite TR's Story and the Historical Sites to Visit! Professor of U.S. History and the Lowman Walton Chair of Theodore Roosevelt Studies at Dickinson State University in North Dakota. Website - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com The Gilded Age and Progressive Era Podcast - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com/podcast Remembering Theodore Roosevelt: Reminiscences of His Contemporaries - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-69296-4 Theodore Roosevelt's Ghost: The History and Memory of an American Icon - https://lsupress.org/9780807166727/ “Gild the Lily” - https://www.merriam-webster.com/word-of-the-day/gild%20the%20lily-2008-04-04 Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/theodorerooseveltsr.htm Franklin D. Roosevelt – https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/ William McKinley - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-mckinley/ Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War - https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-theodore-roosevelt-rough-riders/introduction Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin/On-the-Origin-of-Species TR’s Tennis Cabinet - https://www.loc.gov/item/2013650863/ Bull Moose Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bull-Moose-Party William Howard Taft - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-howard-taft/ Woodrow Wilson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/woodrow-wilson/ Eugene V. Debs - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs History of the Teddy Bear - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-teddy-bear-once-seen-dangerous-influence-young-children-180983234/ TR Birthplace in Manhattan - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/index.htm TR Island near D.C. - https://www.nps.gov/this/index.htm Sagamore Hill, Home of TR - https://www.nps.gov/sahi/index.htm TR Presidential Library (2026) - https://www.trlibrary.com Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University - https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

EPISODE DESCRIPTION: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by George Washington’s Mount Vernon’s Dr. Douglas Bradburn to discuss the events that culminated in the Constitutional Convention and the ratification of the Constitution. The Articles of Confederation created a weak and loose connection among the states. Rather than amending them, the founders threw them out and imagined a new, stronger federal government. Do we understand the document in the same way today as its composers did in the eighteenth century? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:25 - The Articles of Confederation Explained 7:22 - What is The Critical Period 10:41 - The Origins of the US as a Confederation 12:16 - The American Revolution vs the Dutch Revolt 13:32 - The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 19:28 - The Impact of the Northwest Ordinance 24:16 - How we Amended The Articles of Confederation 27:10 - How did we get to the Constitutional Convention 36:35 - What Happened at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 39:47 - The Executive Explained 51:57 - How They Changed the Constitution 55:17 - What is Nullification 1:04:38 - An Imperfect Solution to Governing EPISODE LINKS: George Washington’s Mount Vernon - https://www.mountvernon.org Articles of Confederation - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/articles-of-confederation Continental Congress – https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/continental-congress#:~:text=The%20Continental%20Congress%20was%20the,years%20of%20the%20American%20Revolution. Richard Henry Lee’s Resolution – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/lee-resolution Declaration of Independence - https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania - https://history.delaware.gov/john-dickinson-plantation/dickinsonletters/pennsylvania-farmer-letters/ The “Critical Period” - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5655/#:~:text=The%20%22Critical%20Period%22%20of%20American,or%20the%20worst%20of%20times. A Revolutionary Wave: Dutch and American Patriots in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World - https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wd94067 The Northwest Ordinance - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/northwest-ordinance#:~:text=The%20Northwest%20Ordinance%20chartered%20a,rights%20guaranteed%20in%20the%20territory. The Potomac Company - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/the-potomac-company/ The Virginia Plan - https://www.senate.gov/civics/common/generic/Virginia_Plan_item.htm#:~:text=Introduced%20to%20the%20Constitutional%20Convention,of%20Representatives)%20with%20proportional%20representation. The Return of George Washington by Edward Larson - https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-return-of-george-washington-edward-j-larson?variant=32207581020194 The Whiskey Rebellion - https://www.britannica.com/event/Whiskey-Rebellion Representation Debate in the Constitutional Convention - https://www.senate.gov/about/origins-foundations/senate-and-constitution/equal-state-representation.htm#:~:text=During%20the%20summer%20of%201787,in%20the%20House%20of%20Representatives. Bill of Rights - https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights/what-does-it-say#:~:text=The%20Bill%20of%20Rights%20is,speech%2C%20press%2C%20and%20religion. Nullification of Federal Laws - https://www.britannica.com/topic/nullification-crisis Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - https://www.britannica.com/event/Virginia-and-Kentucky-Resolutions SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

George Washington remains a presence in many sites across the United States, reflecting not only the past but who we are today. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historian and archaeologist Philip Levy to examine the history, memory, and myths that surround the nation’s first founding father. Relevant Links: The Permanent Resident: Excavations and Explorations of George Washington’s Life by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5491/ George Washington’s Mount Vernon – https://www.mountvernon.org Ferry Farm - https://kenmore.org Mason Locke Weems - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mason-Locke-Weems Cherry Tree Myth - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/cherry-tree-myth/ Benson Lossing - https://www.library.illinois.edu/rbx/2015/02/20/benson-lossing-artist-historian-author/ George Washington Birthplace - https://www.nps.gov/gewa/index.htm History and Memory - https://commonplace.online/article/historians-and-memory/#:~:text=owned%2C%20history%20interpreted.-,Memory%20is%20passed%20down%20through%20generations%3B%20history%20is%20revised.,contexts%20in%20all%20their%20complexity. Wig Curlers - https://livesandlegaciesblog.org/2017/09/22/how-many-curlers-did-a-harried-hairdresser-need-lets-do-the-math/ Betty Washington Lewis - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/11535hpr-a6fe6bc9be77d33/ Mary Ball Washington - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/mary-ball-washington/ Yard Birds: The Lives and Times of America’s Urban Chickens by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5315/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

 In the eighteenth century, native Americans were involved in a global trade network with Britain, France, and Spain on the North American continent. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historical interpreter Beau Robbins to discuss power structures, trade relations, and the economy in colonial America. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: www.BeauRobbins.com http://www.thefounderslive.com History of Florida - https://dos.fl.gov/florida-facts/florida-history/ Westward expansion - https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource-library-westward-expansion/# Seven Years War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War Yamasee War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Yamasee-War Cherokee War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Cherokee-wars-and-treaties Seminole Wars - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seminole-Wars Red Cloud’s War - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Red-Clouds-War Alexander McGillivray - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-McGillivray 1790 Treaty of New York - https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/treaty-of-new-york-1790/ Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685-1815 by Kathryn Braund - https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska-paperback/9780803218567/ Okfuskee: A Creek Indian Town in Colonial America by Joshua Piker - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674022539 The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders: On the Old Southwest Frontier, 1716-1815 by Amos J. Wright - https://ugapress.org/book/9781603060141/the-mcgillivray-and-mcintosh-traders/ McGillivray of the Creeks by John Walton Caughey - https://uscpress.com/McGillivray-of-the-Creeks Lachlan McGillivray, Indian Trader: The Shaping of the Southern Colonial Frontier by Edward J. Cashin - https://ugapress.org/book/9780820340937/lachlan-mcgillivray-indian-trader/ James Monroe’s Highland - https://highland.org Hanover County - https://www.hanoverhistorical.org/history.html Hanover Tavern - https://www.roadtorevolution.com/hanover-tavern/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the American Civil War, the North and the South battled to create their own versions of a free nation. But who were the individuals in uniform, fighting and dying for their side? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historian and author Kevin M. Levin as he explains why it has long been believed that black soldiers fought for the South, and why that story is nothing more than a myth. Kevin M. Levin Substack, “Civil War Memory” - https://kevinmlevin.substack.com Kevin M. Levin Website – https://cwmemory.com Searching for Black Confederates: The Civil War’s Most Persistent Myth - https://uncpress.org/book/9781469653266/searching-for-black-confederates/ The Army of Northern Virginia - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-northern-virginia/ Battle of Gettysburg - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/gettysburg Alexander Stephens - https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669447/ Library of Congress Digital Collections - https://www.loc.gov/collections/ “Roots” - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075572/ “Gone with the Wind” - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031381/ David McCullough - https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/David-McCullough/938 Historiography - https://www.britannica.com/topic/historiography Jefferson Davis - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jefferson-Davis Robert E. Lee - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-E-Lee Dr. Marcus P. Nevius podcast episode - https://open.spotify.com/episode/32PsszLeDLsT7DDCRRC5Er?si=010f470ca3bd46da Robert Gould Shaw - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Gould-Shaw 54th Massachusetts - https://www.nps.gov/articles/54th-massachusetts-regiment.htm To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

On April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was shot while watching a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. But what happened afterward? And how did Lincoln's Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, play a crucial role? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome Steven Walters to discuss his popular podcast 1865 and post-Civil War America. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Steven Walters – https://m.imdb.com/name/nm2389157/bio/ 1865 - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1865/id1467256065 Abraham Lincoln - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/abraham-lincoln/ John Wilkes Booth – https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wilkes-Booth Edwin Booth - https://npg.si.edu/blog/edwin-booth-accomplished-actor-and-brother-john-wilkes  Lincoln assassination - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13 Co-conspirators - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13 Edwin M. Stanton - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edwin-M-Stanton Petersen House - https://www.nps.gov/foth/the-petersen-house.htm Andrew Johnson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/andrew-johnson/ 13th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/13th-amendment 14th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/14th-amendment 15th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/15th-amendment Reconstruction - https://www.britannica.com/event/Reconstruction-United-States-history Freedmen’s Bureau - https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/FreedmensBureau.htm#:~:text=On%20March%203%2C%201865%2C%20Congress,including%20newly%20freed%20African%20Americans. Mary Surratt - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Surratt The impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson - https://www.loc.gov/collections/century-of-lawmaking/articles-and-essays/century-presentations/impeachment/ John Mercer Langston - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/langston-john-mercer-1829-1897/ Airship Podcast Productions - Airship.fm History Daily Podcast - https://www.historydaily.com/ Twitter: @StevenMWalters Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/1865podcast Produced by Primary Source Media (primarysourcemedia.com) To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Future doctors learn their craft through practice on deceased persons. But what if there aren’t enough bodies to go around? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome Chris Flook to explore the phenomenon of graverobbing in Indianapolis at the turn of the twentieth century for a spooky Halloween episode. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Chris Flook - https://www.bsu.edu/academics/collegesanddepartments/media/about-us/faculty-staff/flookchristopher Indianapolis Graverobbing: A Syndicate of Death: https://www.chrisflook.com/text/ Graverobbing Historical Marker - https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=210940 Rufus Cantrell - https://historicindianapolis.com/rufus-cantrell-intruder-in-the-dust/ The Knick - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2937900/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_6_nm_2_q_the%2520knick The Doctors Riot of 1788 - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/gory-new-york-city-riot-shaped-american-medicine-180951766/ Dr. Goethe Link - https://dlib.indiana.edu/reference/cshm/ohrc078.html Produced by Primary Source Media (primarysourcemedia.com) To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices