In this episode, we explore the twelve types of unwholesome consciousness in Buddhist psychology—states of mind rooted in greed (lobha), hatred (dosa), and delusion (moha). The Buddha taught that these mental roots shape how we think, speak, and act, leading to painful results in this life and future ones.

Through vivid examples, we look at how greed arises with attachment and craving, how hatred emerges when desires go unfulfilled, and how delusion clouds awareness through confusion and restlessness. Each unwholesome mind state has its own pattern—whether impulsive or prompted, joyful or neutral—and understanding these patterns helps us see how suffering begins in the mind.

By observing our daily thoughts with mindfulness, we can recognize when these unwholesome states appear, weaken their hold, and gradually cultivate wholesome, clear, and compassionate consciousness.

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