In this episode, we review methods to quantify the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR), including the calculation of effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) and regurgitant volume (RVol) by the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method, and calculation of EROA and RVol using stroke volume by the continuity equation. What numerical cutoffs for EROA, RVol, and regurgitant fraction (RF) indicate severe MR? What does a vena contract width of ≥0.7cm versus ≤0.3cm suggest? What does a PISA radius of ≥1.0cm versus ≤0.3cm suggest? What does an enlarged LV versus a normal-sized LV suggest? What does a regurgitant fraction of ≥50% versus <30% suggest? Why does late systolic MR often result in discrepancies between EROA and RVol? Tune in for answers to these questions.

Difficulty Level: Advanced

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