A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd.
• The Nichiren Shōshū branch of Buddhism is founded in Japan.
• In the Treaty of Salynas, Lithuania cedes Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights.
• Chen Yanxiang, the only person from Indonesia known to have visited dynastic Korea, reaches Seoul after having set out from Java four months before.
• Christopher Columbus's first expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean, specifically on San Salvador Island. (Julian calendar)
• The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.
• The Salem witch trials are ended by a letter from Province of Massachusetts Bay Governor William Phips.
• The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
• Flemish and Luxembourgish peasants launch the rebellion against French rule known as the Peasants' War.
• Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute.
• The citizens of Munich hold the first Oktoberfest in celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Louis of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
• Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor.

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• A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
• A peace treaty ends the Jin-Song wars.
• The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311.
• The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the Netherlands for exclusive trading rights in what is now the northeastern United States.
• The Burchardi flood kills around 15,000 in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
• Cromwell's New Model Army sacks Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.
• Surveying for the Mason-Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed.
• The Royal Navy decisively defeats the Batavian Navy at Camperdown during the French Revolutionary Wars.
• The Juliana begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry in New York harbor.
• The Maronite leader Bashir Shihab II surrenders to the Ottoman Empire and later is sent to Malta in exile.
• The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
• American Civil War: Confederate troops conduct a raid on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
• Hundreds of black men and women march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.

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• Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark.
• The crew of Christopher Columbus's ship, the Santa Maria, attempt a mutiny.
• Roman Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise, defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.
• Over 600 Papal troops land in Ireland to support the Second Desmond Rebellion.
• Thirty Years' War: An army of the Electorate of Saxony seizes Prague.
• In a treaty with the Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname – descended from escaped slaves – gain territorial autonomy.
• The Great Hurricane of 1780 kills 20,000-30,000 in the Caribbean.
• War of 1812: The United States Revenue Marine attempts to defend the cutter Eagle from the Royal Navy.
• In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 students.
• Triton, the largest moon of the planet Neptune, is discovered by English astronomer William Lassell.
• The Ten Years' War begins against Spanish rule in Cuba.

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• Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks.
• James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia.
• The first known mention of the Prague astronomical clock.
• The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
• Troops of the Portuguese Empire are defeated on Sri Lanka, bringing an end to the Campaign of Danture.
• Kepler's Supernova is the most recent supernova to be observed within the Milky Way.
• Roger Williams is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony after religious and policy disagreements.
• The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook.
• Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
• Dutch colonists and Javanese natives begin a massacre of the ethnic Chinese population in Batavia, eventually killing at least 10,000.
• Seven Years' War: Russian and Austrian troops briefly occupy Berlin.
• HMS Lutine sinks with the loss of 240 men and a cargo worth £1,200,000.
• Hobart, capital of Tasmania, is founded.
• Prussia begins the War of the Fourth Coalition against France.

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• Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
• The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
• Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II ("the Bald").
• Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned King of Croatia.
• Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen consort of England.
• Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the Battle of Bliska.
• The Great Stand on the Ugra River puts an end to Tartar rule over Moscow
• End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, the first Dutch victory in the Eighty Years' War.
• Jeanne Mance opens the first lay hospital of North America in Montreal.
• The Treaty of Ried is signed between Bavaria and Austria.
• The Peruvian Navy is established during the War of Independence.

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• Venetian-Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon.
• Uppsala University is inaugurated after receiving its corporate rights from Pope Sixtus IV in February the same year.
• War of the League of Cambrai: Spain defeats Venice.
• The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat.
• The charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay is issued.
• King George III issues the Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing Indigenous lands in North America north and west of the Alleghenies to white settlements.
• American Revolutionary War: The Americans defeat the British in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights.
• American Revolutionary War: American militia defeat royalist irregulars led by British major Patrick Ferguson in South Carolina.
• French corsair Robert Surcouf, commander of the 18-gun ship La Confiance, captures the British 38-gun Kent.
• The Granite Railway begins operations as the first chartered railway in the U.S.
• Morea expedition: The city of Patras, Greece, is liberated by the French expeditionary force.
• Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
• American Civil War: A US Navy ship captures a Confederate raider in a Brazilian seaport.

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• Rebels decapitate Wang Mang two days after his capital was sacked during a peasant rebellion.
• Byzantine Empress Eudoxia dies from the miscarriage of her seventh pregnancy.
• Spain's DeSoto expedition takes over the Apalachee capital of Anhaica for their winter quarters.
• Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the Baroque period.
• Immigrant families found Germantown, Pennsylvania in the first major immigration of German people to America.
• Seven Years' War: The British capture Manila from Spain and occupy it.
• American Revolutionary War: British forces capture Forts Clinton and Montgomery on the Hudson River.
• French Revolution: King Louis XVI is forced to change his residence from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace.
• A large fire destroys a third of all the buildings in the town of Raahe in the Grand Duchy of Finland.
• The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian war of independence.
• The Naval War College of the United States is founded in Rhode Island.

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• King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope.
• The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to depose patriarch Photios I.
• With the signing of the Treaty of Zamora, King Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognises Portugal as a Kingdom.
• Assassins attempt to kill Venetian statesman and scientist Paolo Sarpi.
• French Revolution: The Women's March on Versailles effectively terminates royal authority.
• War of 1812: The Army of the Northwest defeats a British and Native Canadian force threatening Detroit.
• The Killough massacre in east Texas sees eighteen Texian settlers either killed or kidnapped.
• The Saxby Gale devastates the Bay of Fundy region in Canada.
• The Eastman tunnel, in Minnesota, United States, collapses during construction, causing a landslide that nearly destroys St. Anthony Falls.
• The Nez Perce War in the northwestern United States comes to an end.
• Peace congress in Paris condemns British policy in S. Africa, asserts Boer Republic's right to self-determination.
• The Wright brothers pilot the Wright Flyer III in a new world record flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes.
• In a revolution in Portugal the monarchy is overthrown and a republic is declared.

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• Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
• The Byzantine-Venetian War comes to an end.
• Battle of Lake Poyang: In one of the largest naval battles in history, Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels defeat rival Chen Youliang.
• Formation of the Holy League of Aragon, the Papal States and Venice against France.
• The Coverdale Bible is printed, with translations into English by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.
• The Gregorian Calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII.
• Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço begins to suppress a native uprising against his rule in what is now the state of Georgia.
• Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War: A fleet of Spanish galleys are defeated by English and Dutch galleons in the English Channel.
• Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.
• Nine Years' War: Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French.
• Napoleon first rises to prominence by suppressing counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the National Convention.
• Mexico adopts a new constitution and becomes a federal republic.
• The Belgian Revolution takes legal form when the provisional government secedes from the Netherlands.

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• Roman Emperor Theodosius I concludes a peace treaty with the Goths and settles them in the Balkans.
• Muhammed VII becomes the twelfth sultan of the Emirate of Granada.
• The Siege of Leiden is lifted by the Watergeuzen.
• Qing dynasty naval commander Shi Lang receives the surrender of the Tungning kingdom on Taiwan after the Battle of Penghu.
• The Treaty of Niš is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia ending the Russian-Turkish War.
• George Washington proclaims a Thanksgiving Day for that year.
• Chief Kintpuash and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War of northern California.
• U.S. forces defeat Nicaraguan rebels at the Battle of Coyotepe Hill.
• Cincinnati Reds pitcher Adolfo Luque becomes the first Latin American player to appear in a World Series.
• The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is renamed to Yugoslavia by King Alexander I.
• The German Socialist Labour Party in Poland - Left is founded.

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