A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
• War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
• The Spanish Reconquista: In the Battle of Moclín the Emirate of Granada ambush a superior pursuing force, killing most of them in a military disaster for the Kingdom of Castile.
• A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
• First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.
• Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign the "Treaty of Closer Amity With France" (also known as the Pommeraye treaty), pledging mutual aid against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.
• The Action of Faial, Azores. The Portuguese carrack Cinco Chagas, loaded with slaves and treasure, is attacked and sunk by English ships with only 13 survivors out of over 700 on board.
• The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.
• William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
• The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.

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• Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars led by Krum defeat the Byzantine army near Edirne. Emperor Michael I is forced to abdicate in favor of Leo V the Armenian.
• The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army near the Rednitz River, killing its leader Gebhard, Duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine).
• Fatahillah expels Portuguese forces from Sunda Kelapa, now regarded as the foundation of Jakarta.
• Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Ottomans.
• The Holy Office in Rome forces Galileo Galilei to recant his view that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe in the form he presented it in, after heated controversy.
• The British pass the Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America.
• A poisonous cloud caused by the eruption of the Laki volcano in Iceland reaches Le Havre in France.
• In the Chesapeake-Leopard affair, the British warship HMS Leopard attacks and boards the American frigate USS Chesapeake.
• War of 1812: After learning of American plans for a surprise attack on Beaver Dams in Ontario, Laura Secord sets out on a 30 kilometer journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon.
• Cherokee leaders Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot are assassinated for signing the Treaty of New Echota, which had resulted in the Trail of Tears.

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• A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
• Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan.
• French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac.
• Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese daimyōs, is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide.
• Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
• In Montreal in New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city.
• Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded.
• James Otis Jr. offends the King and Parliament in a speech to the Massachusetts General Court.
• New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
• King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during the French Revolution.
• Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.
• Peninsular War: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria.

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• Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
• First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.
• The Sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.
• Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha is appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
• Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
• A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
• The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
• Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'.
• Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.
• King Louis XVI, disguised as a valet, and the French royal family attempt to flee Paris during the French Revolution.
• The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.

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• The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
• The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle changes the tide of the civil wars.
• The Earl of Pembroke's army defeats Bruce's Scottish army at the Battle of Methven.
• English colonists leave Roanoke Island, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in North America.
• At least 73,000 people died in the 1718 Tongwei-Gansu earthquake due to landslides in the Qing dynasty.
• New Church Day: Emanuel Swedenborg writes: "The Lord sent forth His twelve disciples, who followed Him in the world into the whole spiritual world to preach the Gospel that the Lord God Jesus Christ reigns. This took place on the 19th day of June, in the year 1770."
• Battle of Seven Oaks between North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
• Decisive defeat of the Filiki Eteria by the Ottomans at Drăgășani (in Wallachia).
• The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules on Hoboken, New Jersey's Elysian Fields with the New York Base Ball Club defeating the Knickerbockers 23-1. Cartwright umpired.
• Princess Louise of the Netherlands marries Crown Prince Karl of Sweden-Norway.

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• Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
• Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
• Byzantine-Rus' War: A fleet of about 200 Rus' vessels sails into the Bosphorus and starts pillaging the suburbs of the Byzantine capital Constantinople.
• Battle of Civitate: Three thousand Norman horsemen of Count Humphrey rout the troops of Pope Leo IX.
• Five Canterbury monks see an event believed to have been the formation of the Giordano Bruno crater on the moon. It is believed that the current oscillations of the Moon's distance from the Earth (on the order of meters) are a result of this collision.
• The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first definitively known meeting of this Irish legislature.
• A draft Byzantine-Venetian treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, but is not ratified by Doge Reniero Zeno.
• Charles VII's army defeats an English army under John Talbot at the Battle of Patay during the Hundred Years' War. The English lost 2,200 men, over half their army, crippling their efforts during this segment of the war.
• Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh.
• The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony is revoked via a scire facias writ issued by an English court.
• Battle of Kolín between Prussian forces under Frederick the Great and an Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun in the Seven Years' War.
• American Revolutionary War: The British Army abandons Philadelphia.
• Action of 18 June 1799: A frigate squadron under Rear-admiral Jean-Baptiste Perrée is captured by the British fleet under Lord Keith.

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• Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
• Geoffrey V of Anjou, known as Plantagenet, marries Matilda, daughter of Henry I, King of England, and widow of the Emperor Henry V.
• Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris.
• The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark.
• Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II (The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.
• Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof.
• Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England.
• The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen.
• Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, will spend the next 17 years building her mausoleum, the Taj Mahal.
• Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.
• French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet reach the Mississippi River and become the first Europeans to make a detailed account of its course.
• Samuel Wallis, a British sea captain, sights Tahiti and is considered the first European to reach the island.

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• Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians.
• Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran).
• Ming-Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son King Hồ Hán Thương of Hồ dynasty are captured by the Ming armies.
• Battle of Stoke Field: King Henry VII of England defeats the leaders of a Yorkist rebellion in the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses.
• Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir and successor.
• War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date).
• War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza.
• French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians.
• French and Indian War: Robert Rogers and his Rangers surprise French held Fort Sainte Thérèse on the Richelieu River near Lake Champlain. The fort is raided and burned.
• Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.
• French Revolutionary Wars: In what became known as Cornwallis's Retreat, a British Royal Navy squadron led by Vice Admiral William Cornwallis strongly resists a much larger French Navy force and withdraws largely intact, setting up the French Navy defeat at the Battle of Groix six days later.
• Survivors of an attack the previous day by Tla-o-qui-aht on board the Pacific Fur Company's ship Tonquin, intentionally detonate a powder magazine on the ship, destroying it and killing about 100 attackers.
• Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo.

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• Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.
• Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.
• The naval Battle of Fimreite is won by the Birkebeiner pretender Sverre Sigurdsson. Sigurdsson takes the Norwegian throne and King Magnus V of Norway is killed.
• King John of England puts his seal to Magna Carta.
• Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lindanise (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.
• With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.
• The city of Bilbao is founded.
• At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba.
• Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
• Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.

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• The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
• First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon conquers over half of the kingdom.
• While taking exile in Fuzhou, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for Emperor Duanzong.
• Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.
• Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.
• Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt at Mile End. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.
• Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies himself with the French against King Henry IV of England.
• Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date).
• English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
• The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet in the Second Anglo-Dutch War ends. It had lasted for five days and resulted in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.
• King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II.

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