A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
• Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in 1792.
• Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
• French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces.
• Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded and the first edition is published.
• American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• American Revolutionary War: Iroquois allied to Britain kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley massacre.
• The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
• The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State University, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students.
• Governor-General Peter von Scholten emancipates all remaining slaves in the Danish West Indies.

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• Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome.
• Li Shimin, the future Emperor Taizong of Tang, ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng in the Xuanwu Gate Incident.
• In China, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang inters the bodies of relatives in the Qianling Mausoleum, located on Mount Liang outside Chang'an.
• Battle of Brissarthe: The Franks led by Robert the Strong are defeated by a joint Breton-Viking army.
• King Henry the Fowler dies in his royal palace in Memleben. He is succeeded by his son Otto I, who becomes the ruler of East Francia.
• The Byzantine army proclaims Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea.
• The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
• The Treaty of Tordesillas is ratified by Spain.
• Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes Voivode of Moldavia.
• Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola.
• Menas, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz.
• Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide.

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• Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
• Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, Totila, is mortally wounded.
• Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.
• Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan after nightfall.
• Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
• Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
• First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
• Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
• François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.
• Lexell's Comet is seen closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 astronomical units (2,180,000 km; 1,360,000 mi).

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• Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
• The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
• Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
• King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.
• The Spanish held Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico having been besieged for fifteen days, surrenders to an English force under Sir George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland.
• The University of Tartu was founded.
• The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
• Seven Years' War: Habsburg Austrian forces destroy a Prussian reinforcement and supply convoy in the Battle of Domstadtl, helping to expel Prussian King Frederick the Great from Moravia.
• Northwest Indian War: Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
• French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
• The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.

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• Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
• Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
• Sverre is crowned King of Norway, leading to his excommunication by the Catholic Church and civil war.
• Skanderbeg defeats an Ottoman invasion force at Torvioll.
• The Dutch city of Dordrecht is devastated by fire
• Jacques Cartier is the first European to reach Prince Edward Island.
• The Globe Theatre in London, built by William Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, burns to the ground.
• English crown bans tobacco growing in England, giving the Virginia Company a monopoly in exchange for tax of one shilling per pound.
• Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
• At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.
• Alexander Macdonell and over five hundred Roman Catholic highlanders leave Scotland to settle in Glengarry County, Ontario.
• Russo-Turkish War: Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.

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• Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
• Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
• Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England.
• Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
• Sengoku period of Japan: The combined forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.
• Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
• The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts.
• A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style).
• American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day.

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• The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
• Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
• Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coast south of Cape Cassipore.
• The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs.
• In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle.
• Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina.
• British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate.
• Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail.
• American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign.
• The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.
• During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin.

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• Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
• Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sasanian Empire.
• Pope Benedict II is chosen.
• En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima.
• Mongols defeat the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Köse Dağ.
• Przemysł II crowned king of Poland, following Ducal period. The white eagle is added to the Polish coat of arms.
• Ulrich von Jungingen becomes Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
• Western Schism: The Roman Catholic Church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.
• Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Edward, Earl of March, land in England with a rebel army and march on London.
• Richard III becomes King of England.
• Ottomans begin the second Siege of Rhodes.
• Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego de Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed.
• Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins.

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• The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
• In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.
• At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.
• Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
• Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
• Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary.
• Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.
• Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
• A photograph of the June Days uprising becomes the first known instance of photojournalism.
• Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania millionaire Harry Thaw shoots and kills prominent architect Stanford White.
• The United States Congress passes the Mann Act, which prohibits interstate transport of women or girls for “immoral purposes”; the ambiguous language would be used to selectively prosecute people for years to come.
• Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Firebird is premiered in Paris, bringing him to prominence as a composer.

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• Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Rome.
• Julius Nepos forces Roman usurper Glycerius to abdicate the throne and proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• The Battle of Moira is fought between the High King of Ireland and the Kings of Ulster and Dál Riata. It is claimed to be the largest battle in the history of Ireland.
• The Vikings sack French city of Nantes.
• Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces, takes place.
• Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães: Forces led by Afonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba.
• The Siege of Jaén begins, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista.
• First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce.
• Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys: The French fleet is almost completely destroyed by the English fleet commanded in person by King Edward III.
• A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion.
• John Cabot lands in North America at Newfoundland leading the first European exploration of the region since the Vikings.
• Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England.
• The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded.
• English King Henry VIII commands his 4th wife, Anne of Cleves, to leave the court.
• Miguel López de Legazpi founds Manila, the capital of the Philippines.

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