A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
• A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.
• Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
• Scanian War: Denmark-Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
• Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
• Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a de facto colony.
• While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor's coasts.
• In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
• The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
• American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
• Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
• The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
• Pressed by expanding immigration, Canada closes its doors to paupers and criminals.
• The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
• First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
• Massacre at Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.
• Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.
• St. Mary Magdalene's flood is the worst such event on record for central Europe.
• Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl in the Old Zürich War.
• Ottoman wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade: John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire.
• Battle of Lochmaben Fair: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
• Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Roanoke Colony: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
• The Dutch city of Groningen defended by the Spanish and besieged by a Dutch and English army under Maurice of Orange, capitulates.
• William Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of Venice, is entered on the Stationers’ Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers’ Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.
• Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope.
• Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler.
• The 365 Crete earthquake affected the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands were killed.
• King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902).
• Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.
• Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.
• The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.
• Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.
• Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
• The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.
• The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
• Kardam of Bulgaria defeats Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI at the Battle of Marcellae.
• Rollo lays siege to Chartres.
• Richard I of England officially invested as Duke of Normandy.
• Treaty of San Germano is signed at San Germano between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX. A Dominican named Guala is responsible for the negotiations.
• The Battle of Kellistown was fought on this day between the forces of the English led by Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March against the O'Byrnes and O'Tooles under the command of Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach, the most powerful Chieftain in Leinster.
• Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara: Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.
• During the first Japanese invasion of Korea, Japanese forces led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi captured Pyongyang, although they were ultimately unable to hold it.
• A fire in Oulu, Finland almost completely destroyed the fourth district, which covered the southern part of the city and was by far the largest of the city districts.
• Seventh Ottoman-Venetian War: The Ottoman Empire captures Nauplia, the capital of the Republic of Venice's "Kingdom of the Morea", thereby opening the way to the swift Ottoman reconquest of the Morea.
• Tekle Giyorgis I begins his first of six reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia.
• Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
• Citizens of Bogotá, New Granada declare independence from Spain.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
• Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.
• Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
• Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas.
• Arab-Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea.
• Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
• Italian War of 1542-46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins.
• The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
• The attempt to install Lady Jane Grey as Queen of England collapses after only nine days.
• Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
• Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
• Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.
• Unsuccessful in his attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Hawaii for the Russian-American Company, Georg Anton Schäffer is forced to admit defeat and leave Kauai.
• Coronation of George IV of the United Kingdom.
• The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Roman-Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.
• Sack of Aquileia: After an earlier defeat on the Catalaunian Plains, Attila lays siege to the metropolis of Aquileia and eventually destroys it.
• Chinese forces under general Li Shiji besiege the strategic fortress city of Anshi (Liaoning) during the Goguryeo-Tang War.
• Battle of Alarcos: Almohad forces defeat the Castilian army of Alfonso VIII and force its retreat to Toledo.
• King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities.
• The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
• France and England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, inaugurating a 13-year peace, the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years' War.
• Tokhtamysh-Timur war: Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present-day southeast Russia.
• In Brussels, Prince Charles I is crowned Duke of Burgundy and Count of Flanders, a year after inheriting the title.
• The College of Arms is reincorporated by Royal charter signed by Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain.
• A gunpowder magazine explosion in Birgu, Malta, kills around 200 people.
• Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil.
• Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
• Damasus II is elected pope, and dies 23 days later.
• The Fourth Crusade assaults Constantinople. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile.
• Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming dynasty of China.
• Hundred Years' War: Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc.
• Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years' War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.
• King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel's Water Music is premiered.
• Former emperor Peter III of Russia is murdered.
• Bloody Falls massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.
• Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing scores of people.
• The 16 Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are executed ten days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.
• The Kingdom of Spain cedes the territory of Florida to the United States.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece.
• Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an Papal bull (of doubtful validity) of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the start of the East-West Schism.
• Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: After Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.
• The canonization of Saint Francis of Assisi
• The Spanish town of Arjona declares independence and names its native Muhammad ibn Yusuf as ruler. This marks the Muhammad's first rise to prominence; he would later establish the Nasrid Emirate of Granada, the last independent Muslim state in Spain.
• Celebrated by the Carmelite Order-but doubted by modern historians-as the day when Saint Simon Stock had a vision of the Virgin Mary.
• King Richard II of England is crowned.
• Jacques Cartier, navigator and explorer, returns home to St. Malo after claiming Stadacona (Quebec), Hochelaga (Montereal) and the River of Canada (St. Lawrence River) region for France.
• The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• First Jewish-Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
• An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang is ordered by his Imperial Guards to execute chancellor Yang Guozhong by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. General An Lushan has other members of the emperor's family killed.
• First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.
• The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.
• King John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton.
• Swedish-Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.
• John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.
• Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War: Battle of Grunwald: The allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.
• Muhammad XII is crowned the twenty-second and last Nasrid king of Granada.
• The first university of Finland, the Royal Academy of Turku, was inaugurated in Turku.
• Baruch Laibov and Alexander Voznitzin are burned alive in St. Petersburg, Russia. Vonitzin had converted to Judaism with Laibov's help, with the consent of Empress Anna Ivanovna.
• Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.
• French Revolution: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, is named by acclamation Colonel General of the new National Guard of Paris.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• King Otto II and his Frankish army were defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.
• Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
• Battle of Vítkov Hill, decisive victory of Czech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Anglo-Spanish War: English and Dutch troops sack the Spanish city of Cádiz before leaving the next day.
• An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá leaves its base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
• Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
• Storming of the Bastille in Paris. This event escalates the widespread discontent into the French Revolution. Bastille Day is still celebrated annually in France.
• Inaugural Fête de la Fédération is held to celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation.
• The Sedition Act of 1798 becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
• The Finnish War: the Battle of Lapua was fought.
• Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
• The first ascent of the Matterhorn is completed by Edward Whymper and his party, four of whom die on the descent.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices