While Western Europe's borders were settled post World War One, fighting still raged elsewhere on the continent. The most significant was the Polish Soviet War, which raised issues such as the clash of ideologies, the Soviets’ attempt to export their revolution, the future of Europe itself.

It was a conflict that spanned a large area, from Lithuania and Ukraine in the east to Warsaw in the west.

Picture: Josef Pilsudksi with soldiers

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The Bolsheviks face numerous opponents across Russia, and struggle to gain control of all lands of the old Tsarist Empire.

The White anti-Bolsheviks make a plan to move on Moscow 

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Picture: By Hoodinski - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16761719

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Civil War rages across Russia from the north in Murmansk, across the Trans-Siberian Railway to the Far East, as well as in Ukraine and the Caucasus. However, the anti-Bolshevik fail to cooperate effectively

Picture: Tsar Nicholas II with this family 1913 (murdered by the Bolsheviks in July 1918)

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The new Bolshevik regime quickly gains control of most of former Russia Empire, but meets stiff resistance in the periphery including Finland, the Caucasus and Ukraine.

They sign a peace treaty with Germany at Brest-Litovsk and withdraw from the First World War

Picture: Volunteer Army Infantry

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- Introduction to the new series on the Interwar Years

- A recap of Russia's involvement in the First World War

- The February 1917 Revolution and Provisional Government 

- Lenin's Bolsheviks seize power in the October Revolution 

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The Battle of Lake Peipus or 'The Battle on the Ice' was fought on 5th April 1242 between a coalition of western crusaders led by the Teutonic Knights against an army from Novgorod, Russia, led by Alexander Nevsky. The conflict was made famous by a Soviet film of 1938 directed by Sergei Eisenstein.

This is the fifth and final part of a set of episodes on the Medieval Baltic and the Northern Crusades

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Alexander Nevksy appointed Prince of Novgorod, a Russian city with its own unique culture and proud history.

Lead up to Battle of Lake Peipus 1242

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Livonia in the 12th century was threatened by invasion from all sides; Danes, Swedes, Germans, Poles and Russians. Key events in the episode;

1201 - Founding of Riga (capital of modern day Latvia) by Bishop Albert

1219 - Capture of Tallinn (capital of modern day Estonia) by Denmark in the legendary battle of Lyndaniss

1236 - Defeat of a military order, the Sword Brothers, by a band of Lithuanians at the Battle of Saule

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