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The EMT student should understand how to manage a patient with abdominal and genitourinary trauma. The student will learn how to recognize life threats associated with these injuries and the need for immediate intervention. We will discuss the anatomy and physiology of the abdominal and genitourinary systems as well as the pathophysiology, complications, assessment, and management of abdominal and genitourinary injuries. Additionally, we will discuss the patients assessment and discuss specific injuries to include blunt versus penetrating mechanisms, evisceration, impaled object, injuries to external genitalia, vaginal bleeding secondary to trauma, and sexual assault. Last we will discuss the medical care as it relates to the management of blunt abdominal injury, penetrating abdominal injury, and abdominal evisceration.

Knowledge Domains: The EMT student should be able to describe the anatomy and physiology of the abdomen; include an explanation of abdominal quadrants and boundaries and the difference between hollow and solid organs. You should be able to define closed abdominal injuries; provide examples of the mechanisms of injury (MOI) likely to cause this type of trauma, and common signs and symptoms exhibited by patients who have experienced this type of injury. Additionally, you should be able to define open abdominal injuries; include the three common velocity levels that distinguish these injuries, provide examples of the MOI that would cause each, and common signs and symptoms exhibited by patients who have experienced this type of injury.

The EMT should be able to describe the different ways hollow and solid organs of the abdomen can be injured, and include the common signs and symptoms exhibited by patients depending on the organ(s) involved. You should be able to explain the assessment of a patient who has experienced an abdominal injury; include common indicators that help determine the MOI and whether it is a significant or insignificant MOI. The EMT student should be able to explain the emergency medical care of a patient who has sustained a closed abdominal injury, including blunt trauma caused by a seatbelt or air bag. The EMT student should know the the emergency medical care of a patient who has sustained an open abdominal injury, including penetrating injuries and abdominal evisceration.

The EMT should know the anatomy and physiology of the female and male genitourinary systems; include the differences between hollow and solid organs. You should be able to discuss the types of traumatic injuries sustained by the male and female genitourinary system, including the kidneys, urinary bladder, and internal and external genitalia. You need to explain the assessment of a patient who has experienced a genitourinary injury; include special considerations related to patient privacy and determining the MOI as well as the medical care.

Last the EMT should know the special considerations related to a patient who has experienced a genitourinary injury caused by a sexual assault, including patient treatment, criminal implications, and evidence management.