Recorded at the Battle of Ideas 2016
In 2013, historian Perry Anderson observed that it is axiomatic for
US foreign policy advisors that, ‘the hegemony of the United States
continues to serve both the particular interests of the nation and the
universal interests of humanity’. But troubled is the head that wears
the crown of world domination. The US establishment is worried by the
threat of domestic disorder, terrorist outrages and the rising powers in
the East, notably China. It is also concerned by a range of social and
economic problems: rising inequality, a failing school system, the
burden of health care and obsolete infrastructure. Furthermore, ‘energy
is wasted, R&D is insufficient, labour is under-skilled, finance is
under-regulated, entitlements are out of control, the budget is in the
red, the political system is overly polarised’. The current presidential
election campaign confirms that elite confidence in US hegemony is not
shared by substantial sections of the electorate. The rise of Donald
Trump symbolises the scale of popular disaffection. According to
Colombia historian Mark Mazower, his success – in parallel with populist
politicians in Europe – confirms that ‘nationalism is back like it
never went away’. Trump is riding ‘a populist insurgency’ seeking to
restore the USA to its ‘rightful place in the world’. Trump appeals to
widespread discontent over the impact of global economic forces, causing
increasing inequality and insecurity, particularly in blue-collar
communities.
Trump’s nationalist revival has an angry and defensive tone. It
stands in stark contrast to the vision of John Winthrop’s Puritan
evangelicals who, sought to build in Massachusetts Bay a ‘city on a
hill’, an ideal society in the New World as an example to the Old. As
the late Benedict Anderson observed, the spirit of nationalism forged in
the American Revolution, based on ‘an imagined political community’ of
creole pioneers, provided a model for nationalist movements – first in
Europe, and subsequently throughout the colonial world. But, whereas the
nationalist spirit of the founding fathers had a unifying and
democratic character, that of Trump, with its anti-immigrant,
anti-Hispanic and anti-Muslim tropes, seems divisive and reactionary.
Can America’s overwhelming military might continue to compensate for
its chronic economic stagnation? Can the USA’s global cultural influence
help it to hold off the competition of the rising powers of East Asia?
Can any political alternative overcome the exhaustion and paralysis that
appears to have overtaken the American system under the presidency of
Barack Obama?
speakers
Professor Sarah Churchwell
chair of Public Understanding of the Humanities; Professor
of American literature, School of Advanced study, University of London
Dolan Cummings
associate fellow, Institute of Ideas; author, That Existential Leap: a crime story (forthcoming from Zero Books)
Alex Deane
managing director, FTI Consulting; Sky News regular; BBC Dateline London panellist; author Big Brother Watch: The state of civil liberties in modern Britain
Michael Goldfarb
journalist and historian, FRDH Podcast
Dr Kwasi Kwarteng
Conservative member of parliament for Spelthorne; historian; author, Ghosts of Empire and War & Gold
Chair
Dr Cheryl Hudson
lecturer in American history, University of Liverpool